{
  "source": "Cooked Index — occupational AI risk register",
  "page": "https://cookedindex.com/jobs/facilities-managers/",
  "methodology": "https://cookedindex.com/methodology",
  "notice": "Verdicts are re-examined as evidence accumulates. Re-fetch before relying on this; the page above always carries the current score.",
  "scored_at": "2026-08-11",
  "model": "claude-opus-5",
  "occupation": {
    "title": "Facilities Managers",
    "soc_code": "11-3013",
    "category": "Management",
    "us_employment": 156180,
    "median_annual_wage": 106660
  },
  "verdict": "EXPOSED",
  "risk_resistance": 54,
  "contested": false,
  "near_boundary": false,
  "dimensions": {
    "task_resistance": 11,
    "embodiment": 13,
    "liability_shield": 6,
    "trust_premium": 10,
    "judgment_accountability": 14
  },
  "reasoning": {
    "task_resistance": "Roughly half the week — CMMS work-order queues, PM schedules, vendor invoice coding, chargeback and occupancy reports, capital-request justifications — is now templated well enough for software to draft, while the other half (walking a mechanical room to judge whether that bearing noise is worth an emergency PO, standing over a fire-alarm test, negotiating a janitorial scope change face-to-face) still needs a person in the building, which is what puts it at 11 rather than the 6 of a pure reporting role.",
    "embodiment": "You are in elevator pits, on roofs after hail, in crawlspaces chasing a water leak, and in the parking deck at 2 a.m. when the generator fails — uncontrolled environments with real hazards — but unlike a technician you are diagnosing and directing rather than pulling wire yourself, so 13 rather than the 17+ of the trades doing the actual repair.",
    "liability_shield": "CFM and FMP are resume signals, not practice licences, and the certifications that do carry legal weight (EPA 608 refrigerant handling, a state boiler or stationary-engineer ticket, asbestos O&M) are usually held by your techs or your contractors rather than required of you; a 6 reflects that OSHA general-duty and fire-code exposure lands on the employer or the licensed design professional who stamped the drawing, not on your personal credential.",
    "trust_premium": "Your leverage comes from contractors who answer the phone on a Sunday and executives who believe your capital numbers, relationships built over years — but the occupants who benefit never know your name, the building gets sold, and a new owner's third-party FM provider replaces you without the tenants noticing, which caps this at 10.",
    "judgment_accountability": "Deciding whether to evacuate a floor on a chiller failure during a heat wave, whether a life-safety deficiency is a same-day shutdown or a 30-day corrective plan, whether to spend the reserve on the roof or the switchgear, and how to answer a fire marshal's citation are ambiguous calls with injury, code-violation, and business-continuity consequences that you make with incomplete information and then defend, which is a 14."
  },
  "rationale": "The paperwork half of this job — work-order triage, preventive-maintenance scheduling, vendor invoice review, space-utilization reports, budget variance write-ups, RFP boilerplate — is exactly what AI plus a modern CMMS/IWMS platform now handles at usable quality. What doesn't automate is walking the roof after a storm, deciding whether to shut down a floor when the chiller fails during a heat wave, holding a bad contractor accountable in person, and owning life-safety and code compliance when an inspector shows up. Licensure is mostly optional (CFM, FMP, sometimes boiler or refrigerant certs), so the regulatory moat is thin compared to trades or engineers.",
  "outlook": "Headcount thins as CMMS automation lets one manager cover more square footage, and the surviving role skews toward multi-site portfolio owners who make capital and life-safety calls rather than coordinate work orders.",
  "what_would_raise_it": {
    "levers": [
      {
        "dimension": "liability_shield",
        "change": "Jurisdictions naming a specific accountable person for building systems — e.g. NYC's Local Law 97 requiring a designated registered design professional/qualified person to certify annual building emissions reports, NYC FDNY Certificate of Fitness holders for fire alarm and sprinkler systems, and state boiler operator licensing (Ohio, Massachusetts) — being extended so that a named, personally liable building operator must sign off on life-safety system tests, energy/emissions filings, and indoor air quality attestations rather than a corporate entity. Post-Grenfell UK Building Safety Act 2022 'Accountable Person' and 'Building Safety Manager' duties are the clearest live template; a US state or city adopting an equivalent named-duty-holder regime for high-rise residential would raise this materially.",
        "plausibility": "plausible",
        "would_add": 5
      },
      {
        "dimension": "judgment_accountability",
        "change": "If OSHA heat-illness rulemaking (proposed 2024 standard) and expanding jurisdictional resilience codes make shutdown/occupancy decisions during heat, smoke, flood or grid events into documented, auditable decisions with a named decision-maker, the ambiguous-call ownership already in the role becomes formally attributed rather than informal.",
        "plausibility": "already happening",
        "would_add": 3
      },
      {
        "dimension": "task_resistance",
        "change": "Genuine two-tier structure: if CMMS/IWMS automation absorbs work-order triage, PM scheduling, invoice review and utilization reporting, the residual day is contractor confrontation, post-incident inspection, code-official interaction and capital-renewal tradeoffs. Watch for job postings that drop 'reporting' language and foreground 'compliance, capital planning, emergency response' — task-mix shift, no law needed.",
        "plausibility": "already happening",
        "would_add": 4
      },
      {
        "dimension": "embodiment",
        "change": "Rises only if scope shifts toward older, mixed-use or industrial portfolios where roof/mechanical-room/crawlspace walkdowns and hands-on failure diagnosis dominate; sensor-dense new Class A buildings push the other way. Not a lever anyone can pull deliberately.",
        "plausibility": "unlikely",
        "would_add": 1
      }
    ],
    "ceiling_note": "Trust premium has no realistic route: tenants and owners buy building performance and SLA compliance, not a human facilities manager specifically, and the buyer is almost always a corporate real-estate or procurement function optimizing cost per square foot. Even with a strong duty-holder regime the ceiling is roughly mid-60s, because the accountable-person model tends to be satisfied by one named signer per portfolio, which concentrates rather than preserves headcount."
  },
  "adjudication": null,
  "employment_history": {
    "points": [
      {
        "y": 2021,
        "emp": 101230,
        "wage": 97930
      },
      {
        "y": 2022,
        "emp": 116980,
        "wage": 99030
      },
      {
        "y": 2023,
        "emp": 131400,
        "wage": 102340
      },
      {
        "y": 2024,
        "emp": 141090,
        "wage": 104690
      },
      {
        "y": 2025,
        "emp": 156180,
        "wage": 106660
      }
    ],
    "from": 2021,
    "to": 2025,
    "change_pct": 54.3,
    "comparable_from": 2021,
    "spans_soc_revision": false
  },
  "pivots": [
    {
      "slug": "construction-managers",
      "title": "Construction Managers",
      "verdict": "EXPOSED",
      "risk_resistance": 65,
      "median_wage": 114990,
      "overlap": 80,
      "skills_to_close": [
        "Operations Analysis",
        "Mathematics",
        "Negotiation",
        "Science"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "license": "https://cookedindex.com/terms"
}