{
  "source": "Cooked Index — occupational AI risk register",
  "page": "https://cookedindex.com/jobs/first-line-supervisors-of-food-preparation-and-serving-workers/",
  "methodology": "https://cookedindex.com/methodology",
  "notice": "Verdicts are re-examined as evidence accumulates. Re-fetch before relying on this; the page above always carries the current score.",
  "scored_at": "2026-08-11",
  "model": "claude-opus-5",
  "occupation": {
    "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers",
    "soc_code": "35-1012",
    "category": "Food",
    "us_employment": 1223240,
    "median_annual_wage": 44080
  },
  "verdict": "EXPOSED",
  "risk_resistance": 62,
  "contested": false,
  "near_boundary": false,
  "dimensions": {
    "task_resistance": 14,
    "embodiment": 17,
    "liability_shield": 7,
    "trust_premium": 11,
    "judgment_accountability": 13
  },
  "reasoning": {
    "task_resistance": "Covering a fryer station when a cook walks out mid-rush, cutting a shift schedule around three call-outs, and calming a guest whose order came out wrong all happen in the same fifteen minutes — software can forecast labor and build a prep list, but it cannot stand in the pass and reassign four people in real time, which is why this lands at 14 rather than higher: the scheduling, inventory ordering, and sales-reporting paperwork genuinely is being absorbed by POS and labor-management systems.",
    "embodiment": "The job is spent on a wet, 100-degree line — wiping down the expo window, hauling walk-in deliveries, plunging a clogged floor drain, taking line temps with a probe thermometer, and physically demonstrating knife technique to a new prep cook — in a space where equipment fails and spills happen without warning, which is uncontrolled enough to sit at 17 while stopping short of the roadside and rooftop work that earns a 19.",
    "liability_shield": "Most states require only a ServSafe Food Protection Manager certificate under the FDA Food Code's Person-in-Charge rule, plus a local health card — that's a real credential that puts your name on the inspection report and can be pulled, but it's a 40-question exam, not a licence with a board that disciplines you personally, so 7 reflects certification-preferred-and-often-mandated rather than protected practice.",
    "trust_premium": "Regulars ask for you by name and your crew stays because of how you handle their availability requests and their bad days — that retention value is real, but the guest is loyal to the restaurant and the brand, and a new supervisor can be onboarded into your station within a few weeks, which caps this at 11 instead of the 15-plus a private chef or a named stylist commands.",
    "judgment_accountability": "You decide whether to discard a $400 case of chicken that spent an unknown time above 41°F, whether to cut off a visibly intoxicated guest, and whether to send home an employee coughing over open food — real calls with health-code and legal consequences that you own in the moment, though the district manager and corporate SOPs set the boundaries and absorb the fallout, which is why this is 13 rather than 16."
  },
  "outlook": "Headcount holds because someone must physically run the shift, but the administrative half of the job shrinks into software, pushing supervisors further onto the floor and toward unit-management responsibilities.",
  "what_would_raise_it": {
    "levers": [
      {
        "dimension": "liability_shield",
        "change": "Food-safety law already requires a Certified Food Protection Manager (ServSafe/CFPM) physically present per FDA Food Code 2-102.12; the raise comes if states or local health departments make the named PIC (person in charge) personally citable for HACCP log falsification and for signing off on AI-generated temperature/corrective-action records — as some jurisdictions already do for allergen control. Additional route: state labor-department rules making the on-shift supervisor personally liable for algorithmic scheduling compliance under predictive-scheduling ordinances (Oregon, NYC Fair Workweek, Chicago), where the supervisor's override of an AI-generated schedule is the citable act.",
        "plausibility": "plausible",
        "would_add": 4
      },
      {
        "dimension": "judgment_accountability",
        "change": "If franchise insurers or QSR corporate risk policies require a named human shift supervisor to make and document the ejection/refusal-of-service, minor-alcohol-service, and ill-employee-exclusion calls (FDA Food Code 2-201 reportable illness exclusion) rather than allowing kiosk or app escalation, the ambiguous consequential calls concentrate in this role. Liquor-license jurisdictions already pin over-service liability on the certified server/supervisor under dram shop statutes.",
        "plausibility": "already happening",
        "would_add": 3
      },
      {
        "dimension": "task_resistance",
        "change": "This role has a genuine two-tier structure: routine tier (scheduling, inventory ordering, par-level forecasting, labor-cost reporting) is already going to Crunchtime/Restaurant365/HotSchedules AI, while the judgment tier (de-escalating a walkout mid-rush, on-the-fly reassignment when a line cook no-shows, training a new hire's knife handling) is not. If the routine tier is stripped out, the remaining defined job is denser in the resistant tier — though headcount per store may fall even as per-person resistance rises.",
        "plausibility": "already happening",
        "would_add": 3
      }
    ],
    "ceiling_note": "Trust premium is the honest refusal: diners essentially never choose a restaurant because a human supervises the line, and the buyer of this labor is the operator, not the guest. There is no realistic consumer-facing mechanism to raise it. Note also that liability and judgment gains here attach to a smaller number of supervisor slots per location — the dimension score can rise while total employment falls."
  },
  "adjudication": null,
  "employment_history": {
    "points": [
      {
        "y": 2017,
        "emp": 927440,
        "wage": 31960
      },
      {
        "y": 2018,
        "emp": 964400,
        "wage": 32450
      },
      {
        "y": 2019,
        "emp": 1011100,
        "wage": 33400
      },
      {
        "y": 2020,
        "emp": 891540,
        "wage": 34570
      },
      {
        "y": 2021,
        "emp": 1040600,
        "wage": 36570
      },
      {
        "y": 2022,
        "emp": 1169620,
        "wage": 37050
      },
      {
        "y": 2023,
        "emp": 1176540,
        "wage": 38520
      },
      {
        "y": 2024,
        "emp": 1187460,
        "wage": 42010
      },
      {
        "y": 2025,
        "emp": 1223240,
        "wage": 44080
      }
    ],
    "from": 2017,
    "to": 2025,
    "change_pct": 31.9,
    "comparable_from": 2019,
    "spans_soc_revision": true
  },
  "pivots": [],
  "license": "https://cookedindex.com/terms"
}