← Risk register SOC 27-2032 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Choreographers

2,860 US workers · median $55,310/yr · Media

EXPOSED

Choreography is made in a studio, on specific bodies, in real time — teaching phrases, adjusting for a dancer's injury or line, fixing spacing against a live set and a lighting cue. AI can already generate movement concepts, reference reels, notation, grant narratives and audition marketing copy, but it cannot rehearse a company or take responsibility for what happens onstage on opening night. The occupation has no licensure or liability shield at all, and the real threat to this tiny field is budget contraction in dance, theater, film and commercial work rather than a machine replacing the rehearsal room.

10-year outlook: Generative tools will absorb the ideation, notation and admin layer, but paid work will keep flowing to whoever can stand in the studio and get 14 dancers performance-ready by Friday.

US employment, 2019–2025-38.2%
4,6302,860 workers

Part 2020 shock, part continued decline in the years since.

Median pay $46,330 → $55,310 -4.5% in real terms (nominal +19.4%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

+6.1%

Percentage only. The projection counts a different population from the 2,860 above — it includes self-employed workers, which for this occupation is most of them, so the two headcounts are not comparable.

Growing, and only partly exposed

The BLS expects +6.1% more of these jobs by 2034, and at 61/100 the work is only partly exposed — some tasks are automatable, the core of the job is not. Nothing here is in tension.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~700 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 12 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

Dance MakerDance MasterChoreographerDance DirectorDancing MasterBallet DirectorDance InstructorDance ChoreographerOpera ChoreographerChoreography DirectorMusical ChoreographerTeaching Choreographer

Score — 61/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (18/20). Weakest point: liability shield (1/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 16 + 18 + 1 + 13 + 13 = 61. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 16/20

Tasks largely resist digitisation Setting a phrase means counting a company in, watching eight dancers do it wrong in eight different ways, and re-shaping the movement on the spot for the one with a bad ankle and the one whose extension changes the picture — the only genuinely digitisable parts are the pre-viz sketches, Labanotation write-ups, and reel edits, which is what keeps this at 16 and not 19.

Embodiment 18/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments You demonstrate full-out on marley, spike spacing against a set that arrives late, and adjust wing entrances during tech with a live lighting cue; the studio and stage are uncontrolled spaces where floors, sightlines and bodies change every day, so 18 rather than a controlled-lab 13.

Liability shield 1/20

No licence, no signature requirement There is no choreographic licence, no board, no exam — you can be hired to set work on a Broadway ensemble with nothing but a reel, and when a dancer is hurt it is the producer's insurance and the AGMA agreement that answer, not your credential.

Trust premium 13/20

The human relationship is the product Artistic directors rehire choreographers they have survived a tech week with, and dancers give you the risky lift because they trust you specifically — but the work is also cast by reel, credits and audition, which is why this sits at 13 rather than into the high teens where the person truly cannot be substituted.

Judgment & accountability 13/20

Meaningful discretion You decide whether a lift is safe enough to keep with a fatigued cast, whether to cut a section three days from opening, and how to restage a dead spot in the music — real authority with genuine consequences, but the director, producer and music hold veto above you, which caps it below the 14+ band.

Confidence: medium · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, physical-presence, trust

How to future-proof this job

Where to go deeper on what this job runs on: Coursera — teaching and instructional design, audit free free to audit · Coursera — active listening and communication skills free to audit · Toastmasters — public speaking practice at local clubs worldwide low · Coursera — project coordination and cross-team delivery free to audit · edX — performance measurement and evaluation free to audit · Learning How to Learn — the most-taken course on Coursera, and free free to audit

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — nothing clears the bar

No occupation passed every test: close enough to choreographers on skills and subject matter, at least 10 points more resistant, no big jump in training, no new licence, no pay cut, and not shrinking on its own. That happens for 223 of the 654 occupations here that aren't SAFE, and it is worth stating plainly rather than leaving the section off.

The usual reason is that exposure travels with the skill profile. The jobs most similar to yours tend to be exposed for the same reasons yours is, so the near neighbours don't clear the gap — and the ones that do are a different kind of work, not a transfer of what you already know. Read that as a limit of this method, not a verdict that you're stuck: it only compares whole occupations, and it cannot see specialisation, industry, or anything you'd bring that isn't in a federal skill survey.

Here is that claim on your own job rather than in the abstract. These are the three occupations closest to this one by skill and subject matter — the places the work would most naturally transfer — with what the register scores them:

Music Directors and Composers EXPOSED 46/100 (-15) · 79% overlap
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary EXPOSED 58/100 (-3) · 75% overlap
Art Directors EXPOSED 39/100 (-22) · 73% overlap

That is the whole problem in three lines. The nearest work is not meaningfully safer, so there is no move here that trades a similar skill set for a better verdict. This is not us running out of ideas — it is what the neighbourhood looks like.

What would move this occupation up is the other direction, and on this page it's the more useful one.

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 73/100 — SAFE.

4 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening task resistance +2

    Task-mix shift: if reference-reel generation, notation, grant narratives and marketing copy are absorbed by tools, what remains is the rehearsal-room tier — casting to bodies, injury adaptation, live spacing against set and light. The field genuinely has these two tiers, so the residual job is more resistant even as total paid hours shrink.

  • plausible trust premium +4

    Union and festival-level provenance rules that make human authorship a marketed credential: e.g. an AGMA or SDC (Stage Directors and Choreographers Society) contract clause requiring disclosure of AI-generated movement material and barring choreographic credit to AI output, plus grantmakers (NEA, state arts councils, Creative Capital) adding a human-authorship attestation to eligibility. Audiences and presenters already pay a premium for named-choreographer work; formal certification of it hardens that.

  • plausible judgment accountability +3

    Insurer and venue safety requirements naming a specific human as movement-safety authority for aerial, partnering, stage-combat and rake/set-integrated work — Actors' Equity and film production insurers already require a named stunt or fight director; extending an equivalent 'choreographer of record' sign-off for injury-risk sequences puts consequential calls formally on one person.

  • plausible liability shield +3

    Not licensure, but a contractual near-equivalent: producers' liability carriers requiring a credentialed movement/stunt coordinator (SAG-AWA stunt coordinator standards, or a certified stage-combat credential such as SAFD) to sign off on choreography involving falls, lifts or heights before coverage attaches. This applies mainly to the film/theater slice of the occupation, not concert dance.

The limit. Even with every lever, the binding constraint is budget: 2,860 workers in a field where the threat is contraction of dance, theater and commercial production budgets, not machine substitution. High resistance scores do not protect a job that is defunded.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 10 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 340 $170,780 +209%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 100 $75,000 +36%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 100 $61,130 +11%
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 100 $99,430 +80%
Sioux Falls, SD-MN 90 $36,220 -35%
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA 60 $87,850 +59%
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA 50 $49,560 -10%
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 40 $70,360 +27%

Best paid

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 340 $170,780 +209%
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 100 $99,430 +80%
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA 60 $87,850 +59%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $55,310. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 61. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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