← Risk register SOC 49-2095 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay

20,720 US workers · median $103,020/yr · Trades

SAFE

The job is climbing into energized substations, bucket trucks, and generating stations to test protective relays, calibrate breakers, trace faults in switchgear, and commission equipment under live-grid constraints — none of which robotics can do at cost today. AI will absorb the paperwork tier: relay setting calculations, test-report generation, SCADA alarm triage, and trend analysis of transformer and battery data. What it cannot absorb is diagnosing an intermittent trip on a 138kV line at 2am and deciding whether to re-energize, a call with blackout and arc-flash consequences attached to a named human.

10-year outlook: Grid buildout, renewable interconnection, and a retiring workforce keep demand firm through the 2030s; AI takes the reports and setting math while the field diagnosis, commissioning, and switching authority stay human.

Score — 68/100 resistance

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 16 + 19 + 10 + 8 + 15 = 68.

Task resistance 16/20

Tasks largely resist digitisation. Injecting test current into a differential relay with an Omicron set, torque-checking breaker linkages, and pulling CT secondaries to prove polarity are physical verification steps that cannot be simulated away — the automatable slice is the setting math and the test sheet, not the wrench and the leads, which is why this sits at 16 rather than in the mixed band.

Embodiment 19/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments. You work inside energized 138kV yards, on top of transformers, in cramped relay houses and generating-station cable vaults, in ice, heat, and at 2am callout — a 19 reflects that the environment is not just physical but genuinely uncontrolled, with arc-flash boundaries and switching orders governing where your body can be.

Liability shield 10/20

Certification preferred, not legally required. There is no state licence for relay techs the way there is for a PE or a journeyman electrician in some jurisdictions; you hold NERC-relevant qualification records, employer switching authorization, and often NETA/NICET certification, so the utility and the stamping engineer carry the formal liability while your name still lands on the test report — that combination is a 10, not a 15.

Trust premium 8/20

Some relationship component. Your standing matters to the system operator who accepts your clearance and to the protection engineer who trusts your as-found data, but the work product is a signed test record filed against an asset number, not a client relationship anyone shops around for — an 8 covers internal credibility without external stickiness.

Judgment & accountability 15/20

Exists to be accountable for ambiguous calls. Deciding a misoperation was a CT wiring error versus a genuine fault, whether to leave a bus on a single protection scheme overnight, or to re-energize after an intermittent trip are calls made with incomplete oscillography and blackout consequences, but they sit inside switching orders, NERC PRC standards, and an on-call engineer you can escalate to — hence 15 rather than 18.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

Tasks already automatable

What survives

Active moats: embodiment, judgment, unionization

How to future-proof this job

Field report — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work?

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

From people who do this job

Nobody has filed one yet. If you do this work, you know things the rubric can't see.

What has actually changed in your work?

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.