← Risk register SOC 27-2099 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Workers, All Other

16,550 US workers · Media

EXPOSED

This catch-all covers mascots, magicians, circus and variety acts, stunt performers, puppeteers, impersonators, live hosts and similar gig performers — work that happens in a body, in a room, in front of people, which current robotics cannot touch. The real exposure is not the act itself but the market around it: promo copy, poster design, backing tracks, social clips and character voices are already being generated cheaply, and corporate or event budgets that once bought a live performer increasingly buy synthetic content or licensed digital likenesses instead. Modal worker here is a freelancer with no license, no union protection, and income that depends on bookings rather than task output.

10-year outlook: Live in-person bookings hold up over ten years, but pre-recorded, filmed and voice-only work in this category shrinks sharply as synthetic media gets cheaper, pushing performers toward fewer, more relationship-driven event gigs.

US employment, 2021–2025+99.4%
8,30016,550 workers

Headcount grew steadily across the period.

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

+6%

Percentage only. The projection counts a different population from the 16,550 above — it includes self-employed workers, which for this occupation is most of them, so the two headcounts are not comparable.

Growing, and only partly exposed

The BLS expects +6% more of these jobs by 2034, and at 58/100 the work is only partly exposed — some tasks are automatable, the core of the job is not. Nothing here is in tension.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~4,400 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

ClownComicFreakCowboyMascotMediumOratorPenmanAcrobatJugglerPalmistShowmanTumblerComedianMagicianPrompterSkydiverStuntmanAerialistHypnotistMesmeristPerformerPuppeteerShow Girl

This is a catch-all code, not a single job

The BLS uses Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Workers, All Other for work that doesn't fit any named occupation, so it covers roles that have little in common with each other. Two consequences worth knowing before you read anything below:

If a more specific occupation on the register describes what you actually do, that page is the one to trust.

Score — 58/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (17/20). Weakest point: liability shield (2/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 16 + 17 + 2 + 15 + 8 = 58. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 16/20

Tasks largely resist digitisation A mascot working a stadium crowd, a magician doing close-up table work, an escape act or a stunt fall on a wire — the deliverable is a live body improvising against a real audience in real time, and nothing in a generative model performs a rope trick at a wedding reception, which is why this sits at 16 rather than lower; the trim comes from the pre-recorded and voiced-character corner of the code, where synthetic audio and video already substitute.

Embodiment 17/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments Fifty pounds of costume in July heat, harness rigging, fire and blade props, aerial apparatus, hotel ballrooms and parade routes and school gymnasiums you've never seen until load-in — uncontrolled venues with unknown floors and sightlines put this near the top of the band, short of 20 only because a share of the code works seated stages and controlled studio sets.

Liability shield 2/20

No licence, no signature requirement No state licence gates calling yourself a magician, mascot performer, or puppeteer; the only paperwork between you and a booking is a venue insurance certificate and sometimes a pyro or animal permit held by the producer, not you, so there is no credential a client is legally obliged to hire.

Trust premium 15/20

The human relationship is the product Repeat bookings come from the event planner who saw you hold a room and the parent who wants the same performer back next birthday — the referral chain and your reputation with a handful of agencies is the asset, which is why this is 15; it stops short of higher because much of the work is one-off gigs booked off a demo reel by someone who never learns your name.

Judgment & accountability 8/20

Meaningful discretion You read a room and adjust pacing, handle a heckler, cut a bit that isn't landing — real discretion inside a rehearsed act, but the running order, script, and safety choreography are usually fixed by a producer or stunt coordinator before you arrive, so the ambiguous high-stakes calls are not yours to own.

Scored twice. An independent second run returned 60/100 — EXPOSED, agreeing with the verdict above.

Confidence: medium · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, physical-presence, trust

How to future-proof this job

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 73/100 — SAFE.

5 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening trust premium +3

    Venue and event-contract norms that explicitly price 'live human performer' as a distinct line item — e.g. buyer-side rules like the ones state fairs and school districts already use requiring a named performer on site, plus 'no AI likeness or synthetic performance' riders spreading from SAG-AFTRA's 2023 TV/Theatrical and 2024 Interactive Media agreements into non-union event and corporate booking templates via agencies and insurers

  • already happening liability shield +3

    Insurer and venue requirements that stunt, aerial, fire, and animal acts be performed by a credentialed person carrying personal liability — e.g. state fire-marshal permits for pyro/fire performance, and event-cancellation underwriters demanding named certified riggers or stunt coordinators on the certificate of insurance

  • already happening task resistance +2

    Task-mix shift as the promo tier collapses: if generated posters, backing tracks, social clips and voice work leave only the unrepeatable live-in-body tier, the residual job is more resistant even though total bookings fall — this dimension can rise while the occupation shrinks

  • plausible liability shield +4

    State-level digital replica statutes (Tennessee ELVIS Act 2024, California AB 1836/2602, NY S7676B) extended to require documented, individually negotiated consent and named-agent representation before an event producer may use a performer's likeness or voice — making a signed human authorization a procedural prerequisite for the synthetic substitute rather than a free option

  • plausible judgment accountability +3

    Child-safety and crowd-control duties formalized into the role: mandated-reporter designation or background-check-plus-training regimes for mascots and character performers at venues and schools, making the performer the accountable adult in the room rather than decoration

The limit. Embodiment is already near ceiling and task_resistance has little headroom; the score is high and the occupation is still exposed because the risk is demand-side, not capability-side. No lever here addresses bookings disappearing. Modal worker is a non-union freelancer, so union-derived AI riders and state replica statutes only help those with agents or named-talent contracts; mascots, hobbyist magicians and puppeteers are largely outside every mechanism listed.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 39 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 3,120 —
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL 1,890 —
Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV 1,610 —
New Orleans-Metairie, LA 560 —
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 490 —
North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, FL 490 —
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 490 —
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA 400 —

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of —. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 58. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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Kept current

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