← Risk register SOC 17-2081 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Environmental Engineers

38,340 US workers · median $107,110/yr · Engineering

EXPOSED

A large share of the day is document and screen work — permit applications, NEPA and EIS narrative sections, Phase I ESA desk reviews, regulatory citation lookups, air/water dispersion model runs, and monitoring-data QA — and language models plus modeling automation already handle much of the drafting and summarizing at usable quality. What persists is the stamped remediation design, the site walk where the actual soil, tank, or outfall doesn't match the drawings, and the negotiation with EPA or a state agency over what a compliance path will be. The PE license and personal liability for signed designs are the strongest moat, and they are regulatory rather than technical.

10-year outlook: Report-and-permit production shrinks sharply per project; demand holds for licensed engineers who stamp designs, walk sites, and answer to regulators.

US employment, 2019–2025-27.9%
53,15038,340 workers

This fall is concentrated in 2020 and has not recovered since.

Median pay $88,860 → $107,110 -3.6% in real terms (nominal +20.5%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

+3.9% 39,400 → 41,000 on the projections basis

Growing, and only partly exposed

The BLS expects +3.9% more of these jobs by 2034, and at 54/100 the work is only partly exposed — some tasks are automatable, the core of the job is not. Nothing here is in tension.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~3,000 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

EngineerSoil EngineerCivil EngineerCoastal EngineerEnvironmentalistProject EngineerSanitary EngineerReservoir EngineerIrrigation EngineerSanitation EngineerAir Quality EngineerSolid Waste EngineerEnvironmental AnalystEnvironmental PlannerEngineering ConsultantEnvironmental DesignerEnvironmental EngineerFlood Control EngineerPublic Health EngineerEnvironmental ScientistEnvironmental ConsultantSewage Disposal EngineerEnvironmental CoordinatorWaste Management Engineer

Score — 54/100 resistance

Holding it up: liability shield (13/20). Weakest point: trust premium (9/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 10 + 9 + 13 + 9 + 13 = 54. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 10/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier AERMOD and MODFLOW runs, Title V permit renewals, Phase I ESA records reviews, and DMR/quarterly monitoring reports are templated enough that a model plus a script covers the first draft, which is why this sits at 10 rather than 15 — the remaining half is sizing a pump-and-treat system or an SVE array against site conditions no dataset describes.

Embodiment 9/20

Some physical or field component You are on site for tank pulls, soil boring oversight, outfall and stack-test observation, and post-remediation confirmation sampling, but that is weeks a year in steel toes and a hard hat rather than daily — the bulk of the work happens back at a desk, which puts it at 9 instead of the 14+ a field geologist or industrial hygienist would earn.

Liability shield 13/20

Licensed human required and personally liable The PE stamp on a remediation design, a stormwater or landfill closure plan, or a treatment-system spec is a personal legal exposure under state engineering practice acts, and NPDES and RCRA filings name a responsible engineer — 13 not higher because plenty of environmental engineering work (ESAs, permit support, compliance auditing) is legally performed unstamped by staff who never sit for the PE.

Trust premium 9/20

Some relationship component Agency reviewers and plant managers come back to the engineer who has run the last three inspections at their facility and knows which state DEQ reviewer will accept an alternate compliance schedule, but the deliverable is a signed and sealed report reviewed on its technical content, not the name on the cover, so it lands at 9.

Judgment & accountability 13/20

Meaningful discretion Calling a site closed under a risk-based cleanup standard, choosing MNA over active remediation, or deciding a release is reportable under CERCLA 103 are consequential judgments with imperfect data and real downside — 13 rather than 17 because most of these choices are bounded by promulgated cleanup levels, state guidance documents, and a client and agency who both sign off before anything moves.

Confidence: medium · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: licensure, liability, judgment

How to future-proof this job

Training paths for your skill gaps: Coursera — engineering and procurement courses, auditable without paying free to audit · freeCodeCamp — full curriculum, certification at the end free · CS50x, Harvard — how software is actually built free · edX — supply chain and inventory management free to audit · MIT OpenCourseWare — finance and accounting free · Coursera — people management and team leadership specialisations free to audit · Coursera — negotiation courses, audit free free to audit

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — occupations you could move toward

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill and knowledge profiles: high overlap with what you already do, a materially higher resistance score, no large jump in required training, and no licence you would have to start a new pipeline to get. Targets that pay meaningfully less, that are themselves COOKED, or whose own headcount is falling are excluded — a move into a shrinking trade is not an escape.

Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers SAFE · 68/100 · you already have ~78% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Equipment Selection, Programming, Technology Design, Management of Material Resources

Construction Managers EXPOSED · 65/100 · you already have ~70% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Management of Financial Resources, Management of Personnel Resources, Management of Material Resources, Negotiation

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 68/100 — SAFE.

5 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening task resistance +3

    Task-mix shift is genuine here: if the permit-narrative, citation-lookup, and monitoring-data QA tier is automated, the residual job is stamped remediation design, agency negotiation over compliance paths, and site-walk reconciliation where as-builts are wrong. That raises measured resistance while shrinking headcount

  • already happening liability shield +2

    Professional liability insurers (Victor/AXA XL, Beazley E&O for A/E firms) adding endorsements that exclude coverage for deliverables where AI tools were used without documented engineer verification, making a signing human contractually mandatory on every remediation design and Phase I ESA — AI exclusions are already appearing in 2024-25 E&O renewals

  • plausible liability shield +4

    State engineering boards adopting explicit rules that AI-generated design or model output must be reviewed and sealed by a PE who performs independent verification — NCEES and several state boards (e.g., Texas, North Carolina) have opened rulemaking on 'responsible charge' and AI tools; a rule barring AI output from counting as the engineer's own work product, plus EPA/state DEQ permit forms requiring a named PE-of-record for dispersion modeling and remedial design submittals, would tighten the seal requirement

  • plausible judgment accountability +3

    CERCLA/RCRA and state voluntary cleanup programs increasingly requiring a Licensed Site Professional-style role that personally certifies closure — the Massachusetts LSP and Connecticut LEP models — expanded to more states, placing the no-further-action call and its reopener risk on a named individual

  • plausible embodiment +2

    ASTM E1527 Phase I revisions or state cleanup programs requiring documented in-person site reconnaissance by the environmental professional (not a subcontracted technician or drone/imagery substitute), plus PFAS and vapor-intrusion sampling protocols that require judgment-driven on-site sampling point selection

The limit. Trust premium has no plausible route: clients are corporate real-estate and industrial buyers who purchase a stamp and a defensible file, not a human relationship, and they price-shop consultants. Practical ceiling is roughly high-60s, driven almost entirely by license and personal-certification rules, not by anything AI cannot do.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 153 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 1,810 $107,910 +1%
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 1,460 $109,620 +2%
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA 1,200 $133,240 +24%
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 1,050 $128,410 +20%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 1,040 $129,390 +21%
Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO 910 $107,880 +1%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 890 $127,900 +19%
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 810 $120,580 +13%

Best paid

Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL 50 $142,700 +33%
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA 100 $141,560 +32%
Redding, CA 40 $140,570 +31%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $107,110. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 54. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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Kept current

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