← Risk register SOC 17-1012 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Landscape Architects

19,600 US workers · median $79,870/yr · Engineering

EXPOSED

The production core of this job — CAD site plans, planting schedules, grading and drainage layouts, rendering, spec writing, zoning and code research — is exactly the text-and-screen work generative design tools are eating fastest, and junior drafting hours are the first to go. What holds is licensure: most states require a licensed landscape architect to seal construction documents, and that seal carries personal liability for stormwater, ADA circulation, and slope stability failures. Site walks, construction observation, contractor coordination, and public-meeting advocacy in front of hostile neighbors are also not automating; the modal worker survives by moving up into that tier rather than out of the profession.

10-year outlook: Firms will produce the same volume of plans with fewer drafting hours, so employment stays flat or dips while the licensed, stamp-and-site-visit tier keeps its billing power.

US employment, 2019–2025-3.4%
20,28019,600 workers

Roughly flat across the period, with year-to-year wobble.

Median pay $69,360 → $79,870 -7.9% in real terms (nominal +15.2%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

+3.5% 21,800 → 22,600 on the projections basis

Growing, and only partly exposed

The BLS expects +3.5% more of these jobs by 2034, and at 53/100 the work is only partly exposed — some tasks are automatable, the core of the job is not. Nothing here is in tension.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~1,700 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 23 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

PlannerLand PlannerPark PlannerSite PlannerExterior DesignerLandscape PlannerProject ArchitectLandscape DesignerLandscape EngineerLandscape ArchitectGolf Course DesignerEnvironmental PlannerGolf Course ArchitectEnvironmental DesignerIndoor Landscape ArchitectLandscape Design AssistantOutdoor Landscape ArchitectProject Landscape ArchitectSustainable Landscape ArchitectLandscape Architectural DesignerLandscape Architect Project ManagerProfessional Landscape Architect (PLA)AP BD+C (Accredited Professional in Building Design and Construction)

Score — 53/100 resistance

Holding it up: liability shield (13/20). Weakest point: embodiment (9/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 9 + 9 + 13 + 10 + 12 = 53. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 9/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier Generative layout tools already produce credible planting palettes, grading iterations, and stormwater volume checks from a site survey, and the hours you actually bill — CAD sheet sets, plant schedules, irrigation details, LEED/SITES documentation, municipal code cross-checks — are the most tokenizable parts of the practice, which is why this sits at 9 rather than mid-teens: what resists is not the drawing but the walking, the punch list, and the planning-commission hearing.

Embodiment 9/20

Some physical or field component You are on site for topographic verification, soil percolation checks, tree protection zones, and construction observation walks where the contractor set the swale two feet off — real boots-in-mud work, but it is intermittent visits to a site someone else is building, not the daily uncontrolled-environment exposure of the crews you inspect, which is what separates a 9 from a 15.

Liability shield 13/20

Licensed human required and personally liable Roughly 49 states license landscape architects under practice or title acts, and your seal on grading and drainage sheets makes you personally answerable when a retention basin fails or an accessible route exceeds 5% running slope — the 13 rather than 18 reflects that much of the profession's work (master planning, design concepts, planting design) is legally sealable by architects and civil engineers too, so the statutory monopoly is narrower than a PE's or surveyor's.

Trust premium 10/20

Some relationship component Repeat institutional clients — a university facilities office, a municipal parks department, a developer who liked how you handled the last neighborhood meeting — hire you by name and reputation, but the deliverable is a stamped set of documents that a successor firm could produce, and most public work still comes through RFQ scoring rather than relationship, which puts this at 10 and not 15.

Judgment & accountability 12/20

Meaningful discretion You make calls no code answers: whether a mature oak can survive the proposed cut, how much slope to accept before it becomes a maintenance liability, which stormwater approach will actually pass the reviewing engineer — genuine discretion with consequences years out, held at 12 because the governing constraints (zoning setbacks, ADA, local stormwater ordinances, plant hardiness) are written down and reviewed by others before anything is built.

Confidence: medium · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: licensure, liability, judgment

How to future-proof this job

Training paths for your skill gaps: CS50x, Harvard — how software is actually built free · Khan Academy — mathematics, arithmetic through calculus free · MIT OpenCourseWare — systems analysis and engineering free · Khan Academy — physics, chemistry and biology from the ground up free · edX — systems thinking and evaluation methods free to audit · Coursera — negotiation, influence and persuasion courses free to audit · edX — performance measurement and evaluation free to audit · Coursera — people management and team leadership specialisations free to audit · Coursera — negotiation courses, audit free free to audit · edX — operations management and process monitoring courses free to audit

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — occupations you could move toward

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill and knowledge profiles: high overlap with what you already do, a materially higher resistance score, no large jump in required training, and no licence you would have to start a new pipeline to get. Targets that pay meaningfully less, that are themselves COOKED, or whose own headcount is falling are excluded — a move into a shrinking trade is not an escape.

Civil Engineers EXPOSED · 63/100 · you already have ~79% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Technology Design, Mathematics, Systems Analysis, Science

Chief Executives SAFE · 69/100 · you already have ~72% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Systems Evaluation, Systems Analysis, Persuasion, Monitoring

Construction Managers EXPOSED · 65/100 · you already have ~69% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Management of Personnel Resources, Monitoring, Negotiation, Operations Monitoring

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 65/100, still EXPOSED.

4 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening judgment accountability +3

    Municipal codes that make the LA the accountable party for performance outcomes rather than drawing compliance — tree canopy ordinances with survivability bonds, Chesapeake Bay / Washington State stormwater manuals requiring certified designer sign-off on infiltration assumptions, or wildfire defensible-space and slope-stability review roles in California WUI zones where the LA owns the ambiguous call on soils and vegetation risk.

  • already happening task resistance +3

    Task-mix shift: this occupation genuinely has two tiers. If generative tools absorb base plans, planting schedules, quantity takeoffs and rendering, the residual day becomes site walks, construction observation and punch lists, contractor RFIs, agency negotiation, and public hearings before hostile neighbors — work current models cannot do. The score rises only as measured against the remaining job, not because AI got worse.

  • plausible liability shield +4

    Landscape architect seal requirements strengthened rather than eroded: CLARB/ASLA-backed practice acts closing the 'title act only' gap in states like Illinois and Massachusetts, plus explicit state rules that stormwater/green-infrastructure permit submittals (e.g., MS4 post-construction plans, state SWPPP sign-off) require a sealed LA or PE stamp on the planting/bioretention design. Watch also for board rules stating AI-generated construction documents do not satisfy 'responsible charge' and must be independently reviewed by the sealing licensee — the same language boards of architecture and engineering (e.g., NCARB, NCEES model rules) are now drafting.

  • plausible embodiment +2

    Contract language — AIA/ASLA standard agreements or public owner requirements — mandating minimum on-site construction observation visits and licensee-signed field reports for planting establishment, subgrade, and drainage inspection, rather than photo-based remote review. Some state DOT and park agency contracts already specify visit counts.

The limit. Trust premium is the honest omission: clients buy landscape architecture through developers, agencies, and prime architects on fee and schedule, and there is no visible market segment paying extra specifically for a human-drawn site plan. Also, the levers above mostly protect the licensed, senior tier; nothing plausible restores junior drafting hours, which is where the headcount is.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 97 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 850 $66,830 -16%
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 850 $89,350 +12%
Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX 630 $103,670 +30%
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 610 $119,730 +50%
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 600 $76,730 -4%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 570 $95,760 +20%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 560 $84,270 +6%
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 470 $92,970 +16%

Best paid

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 70 $119,910 +50%
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 610 $119,730 +50%
Birmingham, AL 70 $109,010 +36%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $79,870. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 53. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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