← Risk register SOC 21-2099 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Religious Workers, All Other

15,760 US workers · median $45,280/yr · Social Service

EXPOSED

This catch-all covers religious education directors, lay ministers, chaplain assistants, missionaries and outreach coordinators — the modal worker spends most hours with people in rooms: teaching classes, visiting the sick and grieving, coordinating volunteers, leading small groups. AI already handles the paperwork layer well — lesson plans, newsletters, curriculum adaptation, event scheduling, donor and attendance records, translation of study materials. What it cannot do is embody a faith tradition in front of a congregation or sit with a family at a deathbed, and buyers here specifically want a human who shares their commitments; the real employment risk is congregational budgets and membership decline, not software.

10-year outlook: Demand for the in-person care and teaching side holds up over ten years, especially in credentialed chaplaincy, while administrative and content-production roles in this category get consolidated or absorbed by AI-assisted staff.

US employment, 2019–2025+66.8%
9,45015,760 workers

Dipped in 2020, then grew past where it started.

Median pay $31,630 → $45,280 +14.5% in real terms (nominal +43.2%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

+0.6%

Percentage only. The projection counts a different population from the 15,760 above — it includes self-employed workers, which for this occupation is most of them, so the two headcounts are not comparable.

Growing, and only partly exposed

The BLS expects +0.6% more of these jobs by 2034, and at 59/100 the work is only partly exposed — some tasks are automatable, the core of the job is not. Nothing here is in tension.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~11,100 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

NunMonkMohelPriorCantorNoviceReaderShohetSisterVergerShochetPostulantSacristanSub PriorMissionaryInfirmarianLay BrotherBible ReaderBible WorkerFaith DoctorFaith HealerField WorkerGrand ScribeSalvationist

This is a catch-all code, not a single job

The BLS uses Religious Workers, All Other for work that doesn't fit any named occupation, so it covers roles that have little in common with each other. Two consequences worth knowing before you read anything below:

If a more specific occupation on the register describes what you actually do, that page is the one to trust.

Score — 59/100 resistance

Holding it up: trust premium (18/20). Weakest point: liability shield (2/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 14 + 13 + 2 + 18 + 12 = 59. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 14/20

Tasks largely resist digitisation The hours that define the job — sitting with a family the night a diagnosis lands, running a confirmation class where the point is that a believing adult is in the room, driving a van full of teenagers to a service project — cannot be shifted to software, which is why this sits at 14 rather than higher: the newsletter, the attendance database, the curriculum handouts and the grant paperwork genuinely can be, and for many of these workers that is a real slice of the week.

Embodiment 13/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments Hospital and hospice visits, home calls, mission field logistics, setting up and tearing down fellowship halls, and food-pantry or shelter shifts put this worker in unscripted physical spaces most days; it lands at 13 rather than 17 because the environments are buildings and living rooms rather than roofs, rigs or highways, and no tool or heavy equipment work is involved.

Liability shield 2/20

No licence, no signature requirement There is no state licence, no exam, no scope-of-practice statute: ordination or denominational commissioning is a private credential a congregation can grant or withdraw at will, and chaplain-assistant or religious-education-director roles are often filled by volunteers or lay members with no credential at all, so a 2 reflects that nothing legal forces an employer to keep a human in the seat.

Trust premium 18/20

The human relationship is the product Congregants disclose an affair, a suicidal thought or a crisis of belief specifically to this person because they share the tradition and will be there next Sunday — the confidence is non-transferable, cannot be handed to a substitute, and is the entire service being purchased, which is what puts it at 18 rather than in the relationship-helps range.

Judgment & accountability 12/20

Meaningful discretion Calls like whether a grieving parent needs scripture or silence, whether to escalate a disclosure of abuse, whether a volunteer should be near children, and how to teach doctrine to a family that disagrees with it are made alone and unsupervised — but a 12 rather than 16 because denominational polity, a senior clergy member and lay boards set the doctrinal and disciplinary boundaries this worker works inside.

Confidence: medium · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: trust, physical-presence, judgment

How to future-proof this job

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 73/100 — SAFE.

4 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening judgment accountability +4

    Diocesan/denominational safe-church policies (post-abuse-settlement insurer requirements from carriers like Church Mutual and GuideOne) assigning the religious education director personal sign-off on volunteer background screening, minor-supervision ratios, and abuse-allegation escalation — a documented, auditable consequential call under ambiguity.

  • already happening task resistance +3

    Task-mix shift: the occupation genuinely has two tiers. If curriculum writing, newsletters, translation, donor records and scheduling are fully absorbed by parish-management AI tooling, the residual role is bedside presence, conflict mediation between families and leadership, and formation of volunteers — the tier that resists.

  • plausible liability shield +5

    Formal endorsement/credentialing requirements spreading beyond ordained clergy: e.g. hospital and hospice chaplaincy contracts requiring Board of Chaplaincy Certification Inc. (BCCI) or APC certification for anyone providing spiritual care billed under CMS conditions of participation, and state clergy mandatory-reporter statutes (already expanding in states revisiting the clergy-penitent exception, e.g. Washington SB 5375) naming lay religious educators as reporters with personal liability. Both create a named, liable human in the room.

  • plausible trust premium +2

    Denominational statements restricting AI use in pastoral or catechetical settings — e.g. rulings that instruction and spiritual counsel must come from a professed member of the tradition, in the manner of existing halakhic and Vatican (Antiqua et Nova, 2025) cautions on AI in ministry — would harden an already-high premium into an explicit prohibition.

The limit. Trust premium is already near ceiling at 18; the binding constraint on this occupation is congregational budgets and membership decline, which no lever here touches. Higher scores mean the surviving jobs are safer, not that there are more of them.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 52 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 720 $62,620 +38%
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 470 $51,550 +14%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 450 $50,210 +11%
Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ 450 $61,640 +36%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 390 $47,940 +6%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 350 $32,220 -29%
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 320 $41,700 -8%
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD 300 $37,890 -16%

Best paid

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 280 $86,330 +91%
Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO 60 $75,460 +67%
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 720 $62,620 +38%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $45,280. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 59. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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