← Risk register SOC 25-2052 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School

260,870 US workers · median $65,120/yr · Education

SAFE

The paperwork half of this job — drafting IEP goal language, progress-report narratives, accommodation lists, data-tracking summaries — is squarely in AI's wheelhouse and will get faster. The other half is physically present work with 5-to-11-year-olds who have communication, behavioral, and motor needs: de-escalating a meltdown, hand-over-hand prompting, toileting and feeding support, reading a nonverbal child's frustration signals in real time. That part is not automatable with current robotics or software, and IDEA makes a certified human legally answerable for the plan.

10-year outlook: Headcount holds or grows on chronic shortages and rising identification rates, with AI absorbing much of the documentation load and shifting the job further toward direct instruction, behavior support, and family negotiation.

US employment, 2019–2025+34.6%
193,830260,870 workers

Dipped in 2020, then grew past where it started.

Median pay $60,460 → $65,120 -13.8% in real terms (nominal +7.7%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

-1.8% 230,200 → 226,100 on the projections basis

Hard to automate, but shrinking anyway

The work resists current AI, yet the BLS projects -1.8% by 2034. Whatever is shrinking this occupation, the evidence does not point to automation — demand, demographics, offshoring and industry decline all shrink jobs that no machine could do.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~15,400 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

TeacherBlind TeacherBraille TeacherInterventionistSpecial EducatorInclusion TeacherElementary TeacherReading SpecialistBehavior SpecialistLearning SpecialistLip Reading TeacherResource SpecialistHome Therapy TeacherEarly InterventionistPublic School TeacherSign Language TeacherSpecial Needs TeacherAcademic InterventionistBehavior InterventionistHearing Impaired TeacherLearning Support TeacherPrimary Special EducatorResource Program TeacherEmotional Support Teacher

Score — 75/100 resistance

Holding it up: trust premium (18/20). Weakest point: liability shield (13/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 14 + 15 + 13 + 18 + 15 = 75. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 14/20

Tasks largely resist digitisation A 14 reflects the split: goal-bank drafting, progress monitoring graphs, and prior-written-notice boilerplate are already being generated by IEP software, but discrete-trial instruction, physical prompting through a fine-motor task, and running a functional behavior assessment on a child who bolts when transitions are announced are the daily core and none of it survives being moved to a screen.

Embodiment 15/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments A 15 rather than a 19 because the work is unambiguously hands-on — blocking a head-banging episode, escorting a student to the sensory room, hand-over-hand tracing, diapering a nine-year-old — but it happens in a resource room and a school building you control, not on a roof or a roadside, so the environment is unpredictable in behavior rather than in terrain.

Liability shield 13/20

Licensed human required and personally liable State special education certification plus the IDEA requirement that a qualified teacher serve on the IEP team and deliver services as written puts this at 13: your signature is on the IEP and a due-process complaint names your implementation, but the district and the LEA representative absorb the financial judgment, so the personal exposure stops short of a physician's or an engineer's seal.

Trust premium 18/20

The human relationship is the product An 18 is earned in the IEP meeting where a parent who has been told for three years that their child is fine finally believes a bad assessment because you delivered it, and in the nonverbal student who will attempt a demand for you and shut down for a substitute — the working alliance with both child and family is the intervention, not a wrapper around it.

Judgment & accountability 15/20

Exists to be accountable for ambiguous calls A 15 covers calls that no procedure resolves: deciding whether a behavior is a manifestation of disability before a removal, judging whether to recommend a more restrictive placement over a parent's objection, choosing when to restrain versus wait it out, and reporting suspected abuse when a child's disclosure is fragmented — each is high-stakes, contested, and yours in the moment.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, licensure, trust, judgment

How to future-proof this job

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 86/100, still SAFE.

5 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening judgment accountability +3

    As goal-drafting and progress-data summarization automate, the residual role concentrates in the genuinely contested calls: least-restrictive-environment placement, manifestation determinations in discipline cases, restraint/seclusion decisions, and eligibility disputes with parents' advocates. This is a real two-tier job and the judgment tier is the tier with legal exposure

  • already happening task resistance +2

    Same task-mix shift: if narrative and data-tracking work is absorbed by district-adopted IEP software, the remaining day is behavior intervention, physical prompting, and crisis response — raising the resistant share of the job even as total hours fall

  • already happening trust premium +1

    Already near ceiling — parent advocacy groups and special-education attorneys actively pressure districts against automation-mediated services, and caseload caps in union contracts (e.g., Chicago Teachers Union, UTLA special-ed provisions) price a human per student

  • plausible liability shield +3

    IDEA/state-board rules explicitly requiring that IEP content generated with AI assistance be reviewed, edited, and signed by the certified case manager, with AI-drafted goals disallowed as the sole basis for placement decisions — several state education agencies (e.g., California, Ohio) have already issued AI guidance memos naming the IEP team's non-delegable authority; codifying this in state regulation or as an OSEP dear-colleague letter would harden it

  • plausible liability shield +2

    Due-process hearing and OCR complaint outcomes that treat unreviewed AI-drafted IEPs as procedural denial of FAPE, making districts require a named certified teacher's attestation on every document — one published hearing decision on this point would propagate through district counsel guidance fast

The limit. At 75 the score is already near the practical ceiling for a public-sector role; the realistic risk is not displacement but headcount compression — paraprofessional substitution and larger caseloads justified by AI-assisted paperwork throughput. Dimension scores can hold while positions shrink.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 335 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 22,270 $91,610 +41%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 15,810 $64,830 +0%
Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX 12,680 $65,080 +0%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 11,210 $79,690 +22%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 6,410 $96,970 +49%
Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX 6,190 $60,750 -7%
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 5,860 $77,960 +20%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 5,660 $74,290 +14%

Best paid

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 3,440 $105,290 +62%
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA 490 $104,810 +61%
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 1,740 $100,150 +54%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $65,120. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 75. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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