← Risk register SOC 25-2058 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Special Education Teachers, Secondary School

163,930 US workers · median $74,260/yr · Education

SAFE

The paperwork half of this job — drafting IEP goal language, progress-monitoring summaries, accommodation checklists, transition-plan boilerplate — is exactly what current AI drafts competently, and that is real relief for a role notorious for after-hours documentation. The other half is physically present work with teenagers who have autism, emotional disturbance, or intellectual disabilities: de-escalating a crisis in a hallway, running behavior-intervention plans, hand-over-hand skill instruction, and co-teaching in a general-ed classroom. IDEA gives the IEP legal force and states require a licensed special educator on the team, so a human signs and is answerable to parents and due-process hearings.

10-year outlook: By 2035 the documentation load shrinks meaningfully while caseloads and behavioral-support demand grow, so headcount holds and the job becomes more hands-on and less clerical.

US employment, 2019–2025+14.5%
143,170163,930 workers

Headcount grew steadily across the period.

Median pay $61,710 → $74,260 -3.7% in real terms (nominal +20.3%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

-1.6% 164,200 → 161,500 on the projections basis

Hard to automate, but shrinking anyway

The work resists current AI, yet the BLS projects -1.6% by 2034. Whatever is shrinking this occupation, the evidence does not point to automation — demand, demographics, offshoring and industry decline all shrink jobs that no machine could do.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~11,100 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

TeacherDeaf TeacherBlind TeacherBraille TeacherInterventionistResource TeacherSpecial EducatorInclusion TeacherElementary TeacherReading SpecialistTransition TeacherBehavior SpecialistHandicapped TeacherLearning SpecialistLife Skills TeacherLip Reading TeacherResource SpecialistEducation SpecialistHome Therapy TeacherInclusion SpecialistEarly InterventionistInclusion CoordinatorPublic School TeacherSign Language Teacher

Score — 73/100 resistance

Holding it up: trust premium (17/20). Weakest point: task resistance (13/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 13 + 14 + 14 + 17 + 15 = 73. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 13/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier At 13 rather than 16, the split is honest: a model can generate the annual goals, the quarterly progress narratives, and the transition-services language, but nobody automates a 45-minute co-taught geometry block where you're re-teaching in the moment, or a functional behavior assessment that requires you to watch a student across four settings to find the antecedent.

Embodiment 14/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments 14 reflects that the room is not controlled — hallway crises, physical prompting for life-skills and vocational tasks, restraint or escort under state training protocols, community-based instruction on public transit — but it stays below the 17-plus band because a meaningful share of your week is still IEP meetings and desk-bound documentation.

Liability shield 14/20

Licensed human required and personally liable State special-education licensure plus IDEA's requirement that a qualified provider deliver the services means your name is on the IEP that a hearing officer can rule inadequate, and a compliance failure follows your certificate — the 14 rather than 18 is because the district and the LEA representative absorb the financial and legal exposure, not you personally.

Trust premium 17/20

The human relationship is the product 17 is earned because parents who have been through years of fights over placement decide whether to sign based on whether they trust you specifically, and a student with emotional disturbance will work for the one adult who has not given up on them and refuse everyone else — that continuity across grades 9-12 is the intervention, not a delivery mechanism for it.

Judgment & accountability 15/20

Exists to be accountable for ambiguous calls 15 covers the calls with no procedure to hide behind: whether a behavior is a manifestation of disability, when to recommend a more restrictive placement, whether a 17-year-old goes to a diploma track or a certificate, and when a report to child protective services is warranted — each defensible only through your documented reasoning.

Scored twice. An independent second run returned 74/100 — SAFE, agreeing with the verdict above.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, licensure, trust

How to future-proof this job

Where to go deeper on what this job runs on: Learning How to Learn — the most-taken course on Coursera, and free free to audit · Coursera — teaching and instructional design, audit free free to audit · Khan Academy — reading and vocabulary, all levels, free free · Toastmasters — public speaking practice at local clubs worldwide low · Coursera — active listening and communication skills free to audit · Purdue OWL — the standard reference for professional writing free

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 83/100, still SAFE.

5 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening liability shield +3

    State education agency guidance or an IDEA reauthorization provision explicitly requiring that AI-generated IEP content be reviewed and signed by the named licensed special educator, with the signature admissible in due-process hearings — several states (e.g. California, New York) have already issued AI-in-education guidance touching on IEP drafting, and OSEP has been asked for clarification on whether AI-drafted IEPs satisfy the 'individualized' requirement.

  • already happening task resistance +2

    Genuine two-tier structure: if AI absorbs goal-bank drafting, progress summaries and transition boilerplate, the residual day is crisis de-escalation, behavior-intervention fidelity, parent conflict, and co-teaching negotiation — none currently automatable. No law needed; this is task-mix shift.

  • plausible liability shield +2

    A due-process or OCR ruling finding a district out of compliance because an IEP was substantially AI-generated without individualized human determination, prompting districts and their insurers to mandate documented educator authorship of goals and placement decisions.

  • plausible judgment accountability +2

    Restraint-and-seclusion reporting laws (expanding in states like Illinois and Texas) plus manifestation-determination review requirements naming the special educator as an accountable decision-maker on discipline and placement calls concentrate the role's consequential-call ownership as documentation is automated.

  • plausible trust premium +1

    Parent-advocacy pressure (COPAA, disability-rights groups) producing district commitments that IEP meetings be conducted by humans and that parents can refuse AI-drafted plan content — trust premium here is exercised by parents through due-process leverage rather than purchase.

The limit. Already high; headroom is small. Trust premium is near ceiling because the buyer is a public district under legal obligation, not a discretionary purchaser. Embodiment cannot rise — the physical work is already the bulk of the non-paperwork day. Downward pressure exists too: staffing shortages and paraprofessional substitution could dilute the licensed-signer requirement in practice even if it stays on paper.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 314 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 14,700 $100,430 +35%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 7,360 $82,350 +11%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 5,790 $79,760 +7%
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 3,930 $85,000 +14%
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 3,920 $87,630 +18%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 3,920 $100,900 +36%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 2,670 $66,440 -11%
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI 2,590 $79,190 +7%

Best paid

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 400 $117,640 +58%
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA 1,220 $115,160 +55%
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 1,260 $105,160 +42%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $74,260. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 73. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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