← Risk register SOC 47-2044 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Tile and Stone Setters

35,850 US workers · median $55,690/yr · Construction

SAFE

Nearly all of the work is kneeling on a substrate cutting, buttering, and setting individual pieces to a flat plane in rooms that are never square, level, or the same twice — waterproofing a shower pan, planning layout so cuts land where they won't be seen, and matching veining across slabs. AI can already produce the estimate, the material takeoff, the layout diagram, and the customer quote, which is where the office side of a tile business gets squeezed. Robotic tile placement exists only in large flat commercial fields; residential remodels, curbless showers, stair nosings, and stone countertops remain hand skill, and homeowners hire the installer whose past bathrooms they can walk through.

10-year outlook: Demand holds through the 2030s on remodels and aging housing stock; the paperwork and estimating side of the trade thins out, while certified wet-install and stone specialists see rates rise as fewer young workers enter.

US employment, 2019–2025-11.4%
40,47035,850 workers

Part 2020 shock, part continued decline in the years since.

Median pay $43,050 → $55,690 +3.5% in real terms (nominal +29.4%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

+10.1%

Percentage only. The projection counts a different population from the 35,850 above — it includes self-employed workers, which for this occupation is most of them, so the two headcounts are not comparable.

Hard to automate, and growing

The work resists current AI and the BLS projects +10.1% more of these jobs by 2034. Note that safe does not mean well paid — several of the fastest-growing resistant occupations are among the lowest paid on the register.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~4,200 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

Tile ManInstallerTile MasonTile SetterMosaic LayerTile ErectorMarble SetterMarble WorkerMosaic WorkerTile FinisherTile MechanicTile InstallerBathroom FitterMarble FinisherFloor Tile LayerHard Tile SetterMarble InstallerGranite InstallerGranite FabricatorMastic Floor LayerMosaic Floor LayerTile Conduit LayerCeramic Tile SetterParquet Floor Layer

Score — 67/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (19/20). Weakest point: liability shield (6/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 18 + 19 + 6 + 12 + 12 = 67. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 18/20

Tasks largely resist digitisation Setting a mud bed to slope on a curbless shower, back-buttering a 24x48 porcelain panel so it doesn't lippage out, dry-fitting a diagonal on a room that's 3/8" out of square over 12 feet, and mitering a stone edge on a wet saw are sequential judgment-plus-hand tasks with no digital substitute — the only pieces machines have taken are estimating and layout drawings, which is why it sits at 18 and not 20.

Embodiment 19/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments You are on your knees on a hard substrate for six hours, hauling 50-lb boxes and mortar bags up stairs, running a wet saw in a room with no fixed dimensions, working around plumbing rough-ins, occupied houses, and half-finished framing — the only thing keeping it off 20 is that the site is at least indoors and enclosed most days.

Liability shield 6/20

Certification preferred, not legally required No national tile licence exists; most states pull you in under a general contractor or specialty-trade licence above a dollar threshold, and ANSI A108/TCNA methods and Schluter or Laticrete waterproofing certifications are what customers and warranty claims actually reference — real credentials, but voluntary ones, which is a 6 rather than a plumber's 15.

Trust premium 12/20

Some relationship component Homeowners pick the setter whose finished bathroom they physically stood in and who the tile shop or GC recommends by name, and repeat remodel work follows the individual — but bid price still wins plenty of jobs and commercial fields are awarded on square-foot rate, holding this at 12.

Judgment & accountability 12/20

Meaningful discretion You decide where the layout line starts so the cut tile lands behind the toilet rather than at the door, whether the slab deflection needs an uncoupling membrane or a full mud bed, and whether the substrate is dry enough to set on — calls that cause a failed shower pan and a gut-out two years later, but they are made against published TCNA details rather than in a vacuum.

Scored twice. An independent second run returned 68/100 — SAFE, agreeing with the verdict above.

This score sits on a verdict boundary. At 67/100 it is one point from EXPOSED. Re-scoring moves results by a point or two, so here the score is more informative than the label.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, trust, judgment

How to future-proof this job

Where to go deeper on what this job runs on: Coursera — active listening and communication skills free to audit · Toastmasters — public speaking practice at local clubs worldwide low · Khan Academy — mathematics, arithmetic through calculus free · Coursera — critical thinking and logic, audit free free to audit · Coursera — project coordination and cross-team delivery free to audit · MIT OpenCourseWare — problem-solving and analytical method courses free

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 78/100, still SAFE.

4 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening trust premium +3

    Continued growth of the referenceable-portfolio model — homeowners paying a premium specifically for the installer whose prior bathrooms they walked through, reinforced if platforms (Angi, Houzz) or NTCA promote verified-craftsman badges tied to a named individual rather than a firm. Also rises if AI-generated renders make homeowners more skeptical of marketing imagery and more insistent on physical references.

  • already happening judgment accountability +3

    Task-mix shift: as estimating, takeoff, layout diagrams and quoting move to software, the remaining day is disproportionately the calls that carry consequence — whether a substrate is flat enough to accept large-format panels, whether to float or self-level, where to place movement joints per TCNA EJ171, how to terminate waterproofing at a curbless threshold. The judgment tier becomes the whole job.

  • already happening task resistance +1

    Same task-mix mechanism at the trade level: the office/pre-construction tier is what automates, and the residual is unpredictable-substrate handwork. Modest rise only, since task_resistance is already 18 and near ceiling.

  • plausible liability shield +4

    Wider adoption of state/local code amendments requiring a certified installer's signed affidavit for shower waterproofing assemblies — e.g. jurisdictions adopting ANSI A118.10 pan-flood-test documentation as an inspected, signed item, or insurers requiring ICC/CTEF Certified Tile Installer credentials as a condition of leak-damage coverage. Some ceramic tile manufacturers already void warranties unless installation is by a CTEF-certified setter; if that becomes a code or insurer condition rather than a warranty term, a named human becomes personally on the hook.

The limit. task_resistance and embodiment are already near maximum; there is essentially no headroom there. The realistic movement is liability_shield, which is unusually low (6) for a trade where a failed shower pan causes five-figure water damage — a codified signed-installer requirement is the single largest available gain. Downward pressure to watch: shrinking crew sizes as the office side automates means fewer workers, not less-safe work.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 121 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 2,600 $61,410 +10%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 2,170 $58,600 +5%
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 1,020 $64,430 +16%
Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV 990 $63,540 +14%
Salt Lake City-Murray, UT 970 $49,990 -10%
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 950 $48,290 -13%
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA 940 $54,850 -2%
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA 910 $58,240 +5%

Best paid

Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA 30 $88,730 +59%
Urban Honolulu, HI 290 $86,850 +56%
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 450 $79,040 +42%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $55,690. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 67. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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