← Risk register SOC 39-1014 · reviewed 2026-08-11

First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services

103,190 US workers · median $48,560/yr · Personal Care

EXPOSED

The modal worker here runs a floor — a pool deck, ropes course, ski area, campground, theme park zone, or fitness center — assigning staff, watching for unsafe behavior, handling angry guests, and stepping in when a kid gets hurt or a ride stops. AI already eats the paperwork half of the job: shift scheduling, labor-cost reports, incident write-ups, training checklists, attendance forecasting. What it cannot do is stand in a wet, loud, crowded venue and decide in ten seconds whether to close the attraction, and be the person the parent yells at afterward.

10-year outlook: The clipboard-and-spreadsheet half of this job compresses into software over the next decade, so headcount thins toward fewer supervisors covering larger footprints, but someone certified still has to be physically on the deck when something goes wrong.

US employment, 2021–2025+54.3%
66,860103,190 workers

Headcount grew steadily across the period.

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

+6.3%

Percentage only. The projection counts a different population from the 103,190 above — it includes self-employed workers, which for this occupation is most of them, so the two headcounts are not comparable.

Growing, and only partly exposed

The BLS expects +6.3% more of these jobs by 2034, and at 60/100 the work is only partly exposed — some tasks are automatable, the core of the job is not. Nothing here is in tension.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~13,400 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

Head UsherCaddymasterHead ButlerCaddy MasterSalon LeaderShop ManagerSalon ManagerService ChiefSalon DirectorCheckroom ChiefClub SupervisorService CaptainShop SupervisorSpa CoordinatorCaddy SupervisorRides SupervisorShift SupervisorArcade SupervisorCaddie SupervisorSalon CoordinatorHair Salon ManagerAquatics SupervisorChief Airport GuideGolf Course Manager

Score — 60/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (16/20). Weakest point: liability shield (6/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 13 + 16 + 6 + 12 + 13 = 60. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 13/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier Scheduling, payroll coding, incident-report drafting, and headcount forecasting are already software problems, but the other half of the day — walking a pool deck to catch a lifeguard whose scanning has gone slack, pulling a new hire aside mid-shift to re-teach a harness check, deciding staffing when three people call out on a 95-degree Saturday — needs a person present, which puts it at the top of mixed rather than into resistant.

Embodiment 16/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments The job is done standing in the environment being supervised: wet tile, ski slopes in weather, ropes-course platforms, camp grounds after dark, crowded midways — you do rescues and first aid yourself, physically clear a stuck ride queue, and cover a guard chair or belay station when short-staffed, which is uncontrolled-environment work rather than a facility walk-through.

Liability shield 6/20

Certification preferred, not legally required Employers typically want lifeguard/CPR/AED, Ellis or Red Cross instructor cards, ride-operator or challenge-course certifications, and in some states a camp director credential — real gates, but they are renewable certifications, not a state licence that makes you personally sueable, so negligence claims land on the operator's insurer and the general manager rather than your name.

Trust premium 12/20

Some relationship component Seasonal staff — teenagers and college students — stay or quit largely because of you, and repeat season-pass families and youth-league parents ask for the supervisor they know; but guests are mostly transient ticket-holders who would accept any competent person in your polo, so the relationship matters without being the product.

Judgment & accountability 13/20

Meaningful discretion Closing a waterslide on a thunderstorm read, ejecting an intoxicated guest, calling EMS versus icing an injury, deciding whether a guard's lapse is a coaching moment or a termination, and choosing to evacuate a zone with 400 people in it are all yours in real time with a policy manual that cannot cover the specific call — the ceiling is the escalation path to a GM and corporate risk on the biggest incidents.

Confidence: medium · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, physical-presence, judgment

How to future-proof this job

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — nothing clears the bar

No occupation passed every test: close enough to first-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers, except gambling services on skills and subject matter, at least 10 points more resistant, no big jump in training, no new licence, no pay cut, and not shrinking on its own. That happens for 223 of the 654 occupations here that aren't SAFE, and it is worth stating plainly rather than leaving the section off.

The usual reason is that exposure travels with the skill profile. The jobs most similar to yours tend to be exposed for the same reasons yours is, so the near neighbours don't clear the gap — and the ones that do are a different kind of work, not a transfer of what you already know. Read that as a limit of this method, not a verdict that you're stuck: it only compares whole occupations, and it cannot see specialisation, industry, or anything you'd bring that isn't in a federal skill survey.

What would move this occupation up is the other direction, and on this page it's the more useful one.

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 74/100 — SAFE.

5 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening liability shield +3

    Insurer-driven rather than statutory: carriers writing amusement, camp, and ski liability (e.g. via ACCT ropes-course standards, ACA camp accreditation, NSAA ski area guidelines) requiring documented supervision ratios and a named certified supervisor on the incident report as a condition of coverage — already a live practice in ropes-course and camp accreditation, and expandable to trampoline parks and inflatables where injury litigation is heavy.

  • already happening judgment accountability +3

    Task-mix shift with a genuine two-tier structure: once scheduling, labor forecasting, attendance prediction, and incident-report drafting are fully handled by workforce-management software, the residual role is almost entirely the close/don't-close call, discipline and termination decisions, and being the accountable name on the incident file. The score rises because the denominator shrinks, not because anything new is added.

  • plausible liability shield +5

    State amusement-ride and aquatic-facility codes increasingly name a specific credentialed individual as the on-site authority — e.g. state pool codes requiring a Certified Pool Operator or AFO physically present during operating hours, and NARSO/ASTM F24-aligned state ride rules requiring a named 'qualified person' to authorize a ride's return to service after a stoppage. If more states move that authorization from 'the operator' to a personally licensed, personally liable named supervisor whose signature is required before reopening, this rises. Watch also for ASTM F24 or state fair boards adding an explicit prohibition on automated/remote sign-off for return-to-service.

  • plausible task resistance +2

    Same two-tier shift as above, but note the ceiling: the remaining tier is physically resistant, not cognitively resistant, so the gain here is smaller than in judgment. Conditional on employers not simply deleting the supervisor layer and pushing the judgment call up to a general manager covering multiple venues — a consolidation pattern already visible at chain fitness and trampoline-park operators.

  • plausible embodiment +1

    Little upward room — already 16. Could rise only if venue design trends toward more unpredictable physical environments (adventure parks, water attractions, obstacle courses) at the expense of controlled indoor attractions, which is a real but slow shift in the recreation capex mix.

The limit. Trust premium has no plausible route: guests do not choose a pool or trampoline park because a human supervises the deck, and there is no purchasing channel through which that preference could be expressed or priced. The dominant downside risk is not AI capability but span-of-control consolidation — one supervisor per three sites with camera analytics — which cuts headcount without needing any dimension score to fall.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 300 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 5,060 $51,870 +7%
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 4,550 $54,530 +12%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 3,530 $48,390 +0%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 2,400 $46,650 -4%
Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO 2,090 $57,660 +19%
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 2,060 $49,300 +2%
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 2,020 $58,000 +19%
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 1,940 $45,530 -6%

Best paid

Kennewick-Richland, WA 50 $69,820 +44%
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 1,180 $68,020 +40%
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 1,740 $65,820 +36%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $48,560. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 60. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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