← Risk register SOC 35-9031 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop

432,690 US workers · median $31,200/yr · Food

EXPOSED

The information half of this job — taking reservations, quoting wait times, managing the waitlist, texting guests when a table opens, tracking table status — is already handled by OpenTable, Yelp Waitlist, and QR-code check-in, and that displacement is happening now. The greeting, escorting, menu handoff, and on-the-floor reading of a crowded dining room still require a body in the room, and at $14/hour the payback on replacing that body with a robot is nonexistent. What shrinks is headcount per shift, as one host covers what two used to and the tablet absorbs the rest.

10-year outlook: The role persists in full-service and upscale dining as a greeter-plus-floor-coordinator, but fast-casual and mid-tier chains keep folding the position into QR check-in and server duties, so total headcount drifts down through the 2030s.

US employment, 2019–2025+2.2%
423,380432,690 workers

Roughly flat across the period, with year-to-year wobble.

Median pay $23,090 → $31,200 +8.1% in real terms (nominal +35.1%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

-1.5% 429,900 → 423,500 on the projections basis

Exposed, and shrinking

Both signals point the same way: the tasks are largely automatable and the BLS projects -1.5% by 2034. This is the case where the score and the forecast agree, and it is the one worth taking seriously.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~107,700 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

HostSeaterGreeterHostessBar HostParty HostBar HostessTearoom HostParty HostessBreakfast HostBuffet HostessGeneral TellerFront Desk HostRestaurant HostTearoom HostessDining Room HostHost CoordinatorParlor ChaperoneDining CoordinatorFront Desk HostessRestaurant HostessDining Room HostessHospitality CoordinatorMaitre D' (Maitre d'hotel)

Score — 37/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (14/20). Weakest point: liability shield (0/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 10 + 14 + 0 + 8 + 5 = 37. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 10/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier Reservation intake, wait-time quoting, and waitlist paging are already fully productised, but seating a party of six with a stroller in a room where two tables are half-bussed and a server section is drowning is still a live judgment made by walking the floor — the split between those two halves is what puts this at 10 rather than 4.

Embodiment 14/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments You are on your feet the whole shift in an uncontrolled space — squeezing between occupied chairs, carrying highchairs and menus, wiping and resetting tables during a rush, working around spills, door traffic, and guests who move unpredictably — which is the same physical unpredictability that keeps 14 out of reach of any current machine.

Liability shield 0/20

No licence, no signature requirement No state licence, no certification, no exam gates this job; a food-handler card at most in some jurisdictions, and nothing you do at the podium creates personal legal exposure that a manager doesn't own — hence 0.

Trust premium 8/20

Some relationship component Regulars get recognised and neighbourhood spots do build a face people come back for, but the vast majority of guests will never learn your name and would be seated identically by whoever else is on the podium, which caps this at 8 rather than the 13+ of a job where the relationship is the reason for the visit.

Judgment & accountability 5/20

Executes defined procedures on defined inputs Seating rotation, party-size rules, and quoted wait times run off manager-set procedure and the table chart; the discretion you do exercise — bumping a party, holding a booth, calming someone at 40 minutes — is real but reversible and low-stakes, which is a 5 and not a 12.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, physical-presence

How to future-proof this job

Training paths for your skill gaps: Coursera — customer service and client-facing skill courses free to audit · MIT OpenCourseWare — problem-solving and analytical method courses free · Coursera — decision making under uncertainty free to audit · edX — supply chain and inventory management free to audit · OSHA Outreach Training — the 10- and 30-hour cards most employers ask for low · MIT OpenCourseWare — finance and accounting free · MIT OpenCourseWare — circuits, systems and diagnostic method, free and ungated free

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — occupations you could move toward

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill and knowledge profiles: high overlap with what you already do, a materially higher resistance score, no large jump in required training, and no licence you would have to start a new pipeline to get. Targets that pay meaningfully less, that are themselves COOKED, or whose own headcount is falling are excluded — a move into a shrinking trade is not an escape.

Waiters and Waitresses EXPOSED · 49/100 · you already have ~86% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Service Orientation, Complex Problem Solving, Judgment and Decision Making, Management of Material Resources

Cooks, Short Order EXPOSED · 47/100 · you already have ~81% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Management of Material Resources, Operation and Control, Complex Problem Solving, Management of Financial Resources

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners EXPOSED · 54/100 · you already have ~79% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Management of Material Resources, Troubleshooting, Management of Financial Resources

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 48/100, still EXPOSED.

3 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening task resistance +3

    Task-mix shift: once reservations, wait-time quotes, waitlist texting and table-status tracking are fully absorbed by OpenTable/SevenRooms, the residual role is the judgment tier — VIP and regular recognition, seating-chart triage during a rush, absorbing complaints before they reach a manager, pacing seats to kitchen capacity. The job that remains is harder to automate than the average of the job today, even as headcount falls.

  • plausible trust premium +4

    Fine-dining and hospitality-brand segments that explicitly market a human greeting — e.g. Michelin/Forbes Travel Guide service standards that score 'personal greeting by name within 30 seconds' and penalize kiosk check-in — expanding as a differentiator as mid-market restaurants go tablet-only. If graded human-greeting standards become a marketing requirement in a larger share of covers, this rises modestly.

  • plausible judgment accountability +4

    Formal absorption of front-of-house duties currently held by managers: ID/age verification at bar entry, refusal of service, occupancy and fire-code headcount at the door, and allergen intake questions logged at seating. Where state alcohol boards or FDA Food Code allergen-disclosure adoption push the point of first contact to the host stand, the role owns consequential calls.

The limit. Realistic ceiling is low-to-mid 40s. There is no licensure route — no jurisdiction licenses hosts, so liability_shield stays at 0 and the largest available lever is closed. The trust premium is real but confined to a small high-end segment; for the diner-and-chain majority it is not recoverable. Even where scores rise, they rise for a shrinking number of positions per shift.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 380 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 18,530 $36,500 +17%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 15,340 $36,920 +18%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 13,390 $31,720 +2%
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 11,940 $28,560 -8%
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 10,580 $35,140 +13%
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 10,440 $32,280 +3%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 10,140 $28,890 -7%
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV 9,270 $36,360 +17%

Best paid

Urban Honolulu, HI 1,740 $47,110 +51%
Kahului-Wailuku, HI 490 $45,240 +45%
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 3,390 $43,410 +39%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $31,200. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 37. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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Kept current

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