← Risk register SOC 43-9061 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Office Clerks, General

2,464,940 US workers · median $45,010/yr · Office

COOKED

The core of this job — keying data, filing and retrieving records, drafting routine correspondence, processing invoices and forms, answering and routing calls — is exactly the text-and-screen work current AI plus workflow software already handles at usable quality. What survives is physical: sorting and distributing mail, handling paper records and equipment, stocking supplies, walking documents between people, and being the person at the front desk when someone shows up. There is no license, no signature requirement, and almost no ambiguous-decision authority to anchor the role.

10-year outlook: Headcount keeps shrinking as document workflows and inbox routing automate; the jobs that remain consolidate into fewer facilities-and-exceptions coordinators who are physically present and own the messy cases.

US employment, 2019–2025-16.6%
2,956,0602,464,940 workers

This fall is concentrated in 2020 and has not recovered since.

Median pay $34,040 → $45,010 +5.8% in real terms (nominal +32.2%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

-6.7% 2,646,000 → 2,468,200 on the projections basis

Exposed, and shrinking

Both signals point the same way: the tasks are largely automatable and the BLS projects -6.7% by 2034. This is the case where the score and the forecast agree, and it is the one worth taking seriously.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~282,400 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

ClerkRouterCharterStubberMap ClerkDesk ClerkUnit ClerkYard ClerkChart ClerkField ClerkFloor ClerkMedia ClerkOffice AidePolice AideTrace ClerkTrain ClerkMelter ClerkOffice ClerkOrder CallerPolice ClerkClerical AideGeneral ClerkGrading ClerkLaundry Clerk

Score — 20/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (7/20). Weakest point: liability shield (1/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 5 + 7 + 1 + 4 + 3 = 20. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 5/20

Core tasks are already automatable At 5, the bulk of the day — keying entries into the AP or student-records system, pulling and re-filing folders, typing form letters from templates, reconciling a batch of invoices against POs, transferring calls — is already done end-to-end by OCR intake, RPA scripts and auto-attendants in shops that have bought them; it sits above the 0-4 floor only because mail runs, jammed copiers, walk-in visitors and the ad-hoc 'can you find that 2019 file in the basement' requests still need a body.

Embodiment 7/20

Some physical or field component A 7 reflects that the physical work is real but indoors and low-skill: sorting and distributing interoffice mail, carrying boxes of records to storage, loading the postage meter, restocking the supply cabinet, staffing a front counter — controlled climate, no ladders, no field sites, nothing that would push it toward the 13+ band of technicians working in someone else's building.

Liability shield 1/20

No licence, no signature requirement A 1 is honest: no state licenses general office clerks, nothing you produce carries your signature as the responsible party, and when a misfiled record or a mistyped invoice amount surfaces it is the office manager, controller or attorney of record who answers for it — the only reason it isn't 0 is that clerks handling PHI or student records are personally bound by HIPAA and FERPA confidentiality rules.

Trust premium 4/20

Anonymous artifact production At 4, coworkers and regulars may know your name and the fact that you know where everything is kept, but the work is delivered as processed paperwork and routed calls that nobody attributes to a person — the requester wants the file, not you specifically, which is what separates this from the 6-12 band where a client asks for their usual contact.

Judgment & accountability 3/20

Executes defined procedures on defined inputs A 3 matches work governed by the desk manual: which retention schedule a document falls under, which department a call goes to, which coding a routine invoice gets — all written down somewhere, with anything unusual escalated upward rather than decided, and the discretion that exists is prioritizing your own queue when three people need something at once.

Scored twice. An independent second run returned 22/100 — COOKED, agreeing with the verdict above.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works · 3 deployment reports on file

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: physical-presence

How to future-proof this job

Training paths for your skill gaps: Apprenticeship.gov — industrial maintenance and millwright programs paid to train · Khan Academy — mathematics, arithmetic through calculus free · Coursera — critical thinking and logic, audit free free to audit · Learning How to Learn — the most-taken course on Coursera, and free free to audit · MIT OpenCourseWare — operations management free

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — occupations you could move toward

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill and knowledge profiles: high overlap with what you already do, a materially higher resistance score, no large jump in required training, and no licence you would have to start a new pipeline to get. Targets that pay meaningfully less, that are themselves COOKED, or whose own headcount is falling are excluded — a move into a shrinking trade is not an escape.

Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners EXPOSED · 34/100 · you already have ~68% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Equipment Maintenance

Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents EXPOSED · 34/100 · you already have ~65% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Mathematics, Critical Thinking, Learning Strategies, Operations Analysis

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 32/100, still COOKED.

4 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening embodiment +4

    The residual physical tier — mail sortation, paper records custody, badge/visitor handling, supply stocking, walking wet-signature documents between offices — becomes the whole job as screen tasks are absorbed. Watch for job postings retitled 'office services associate' or 'facilities/mailroom coordinator' with no data-entry duties listed. Sectors still holding paper originals (courts, county recorders, medical records under state retention statutes, notarized real-estate files) sustain this longest.

  • plausible task resistance +3

    Two-tier split: routine keying automates, and what remains is exception handling — reconciling records that don't match, chasing a vendor whose invoice fails three-way match, dealing with the walk-in whose paperwork is wrong. This tier is genuinely resistant because it is where the system already failed. Recognizable if headcount falls sharply while remaining roles get 'specialist' or 'coordinator' titles and higher pay bands.

  • plausible liability shield +3

    Records-custody and chain-of-custody rules that name a human custodian. Concrete instances to watch: state court e-filing rules requiring a named human clerk to certify records; HIPAA release-of-information workflows where a designated human must verify identity before disclosure; and state notary statutes (most states still bar remote/automated notarization of certain instruments). If any of these are extended to require a named human attestation on AI-assembled record sets, a thin shield attaches.

  • plausible judgment accountability +2

    Front-desk roles absorbing de facto security and privacy gatekeeping — deciding who gets admitted, what gets disclosed, when to escalate. Employer-side driver is insurer and OSHA workplace-violence pressure (California SB 553 requires a workplace violence prevention plan with designated responsible persons); if such designations land on reception staff by name, the role owns a consequential call.

The limit. Even with every lever, this occupation stays in the low-to-mid 30s, and the levers raise the score of the surviving jobs, not the number of them. The likeliest outcome is a small residual role at a somewhat higher score alongside a very large headcount reduction. There is no plausible route to a trust premium: buyers do not pay extra for a human to key an invoice, and no professional body exists to create licensure.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 391 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 136,580 $47,670 +6%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 112,270 $48,100 +7%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 66,840 $46,330 +3%
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL 61,160 $44,730 -1%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 52,740 $44,060 -2%
Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX 50,040 $40,370 -10%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 45,660 $47,060 +5%
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 40,710 $43,330 -4%

Best paid

Boulder, CO 1,510 $59,840 +33%
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 13,470 $58,840 +31%
Greeley, CO 1,570 $56,030 +24%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $45,010. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this

The score above is about what the work exposes. This is reporting about real deployments in this occupation — the difference between "could be automated" and "somebody automated it."

Ford · Central Oregon local governments · UBS · Chubb · Lufthansa · Government of Kazakhstan · PwC · University of Washington

6 of 12 reported cases, with sources

6 more in the dispatch

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

Watch this verdict
Kept current

Rather than check back: get the digest and we'll tell you what changed — or watch a single occupation from its own page.