← Risk register SOC 51-9061 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers

597,370 US workers · median $48,570/yr · Production

COOKED verdict contested

The core of this job — visual defect checks, dimensional gauging, sorting by grade, weighing, logging results into quality systems — is exactly what machine vision, in-line sensors, and automated gauging already do faster and more consistently, and the factory floor is the most controlled, automation-friendly physical environment that exists. Physical handling of parts and fixtures still needs hands, which is the main thing holding the number up. The surviving tier is narrow: NDT-certified technicians, calibration and metrology specialists, and inspectors who own nonconformance dispositions, supplier audits, and root-cause investigations rather than pass/fail calls.

10-year outlook: Headcount keeps eroding as in-line vision and automated gauging spread through mid-size plants, while a smaller, better-paid core of NDT, metrology, and quality-engineering roles absorbs the judgment work.

US employment, 2019–2025+3.5%
576,950597,370 workers

Roughly flat across the period, with year-to-year wobble.

Median pay $39,140 → $48,570 -0.7% in real terms (nominal +24.1%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

0% 598,000 → 598,100 on the projections basis

Exposed, and shrinking

Both signals point the same way: the tasks are largely automatable and the BLS projects 0% by 2034. This is the case where the score and the forecast agree, and it is the one worth taking seriously.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~69,900 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

SizerTimerCoilerCullerGaugerPairerPasserScalerSorterTasterTesterCheckerClasserPatcherSamplerSpotterWeigherAssorterCollatorMeasurerRegraderRejectorSelectorEstimator

Score — 33/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (11/20). Weakest point: trust premium (4/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 7 + 11 + 4 + 4 + 7 = 33. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 7/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier At 7 rather than 4, the pass/fail visual scan, caliper and micrometer readings, and grade sorting are already being done by in-line cameras and laser gauges on the same lines you work, but first-article layouts, fixturing odd geometries, and chasing an intermittent defect back to a machine still take a person walking the floor — that residue is what keeps it out of the bottom band.

Embodiment 11/20

Some physical or field component An 11 reflects that you are physically lifting, rotating, and mounting parts, running CMM setups, pulling samples from tanks and totes, and standing at a line all shift — but it happens inside a lit, climate-managed plant with fixed stations and known part families, not on a roof or in a trench, so it stops well short of the uncontrolled-environment band.

Liability shield 4/20

No licence, no signature requirement A 4 is right because most inspection jobs post as high-school-plus-training with no state licence: your sign-off on an inspection record is countersigned into the QMS and the legal exposure lands on the company's quality manager and PE-stamped drawings, and even ASNT Level II NDT or ASQ CQI credentials are employer- or program-issued preferences, not a personal liability that follows you.

Trust premium 4/20

Anonymous artifact production At 4, your output is a stamped ticket, a dimensional report, or a lot disposition that the next station consumes without knowing who produced it; the buyer trusts the AS9100 or ISO certificate and the audit trail, not you by name, and shifting inspectors between lines and shifts costs the customer nothing.

Judgment & accountability 7/20

Meaningful discretion A 7 acknowledges genuine calls — accept-with-deviation, borderline cosmetic defects, when to stop the line, whether a sample is representative — but those decisions are bounded by written specs, control limits, and AQL sampling tables, and anything expensive escalates to an MRB or engineering disposition rather than resting on you.

The verdict on this page is contested. We scored this occupation twice, independently, and the two runs disagreed: 33/100 — COOKED and 36/100 — EXPOSED. Combining them doesn't settle it — the answer changes depending on how the halfway points are rounded, which is a property of our arithmetic and not of the job. Rather than pick the side that suits us, we've left the original verdict in place and flagged it. Read the dimension scores below and the reasoning attached to each; on this page they carry the information, and the one-word label does not.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, judgment

How to future-proof this job

Training paths for your skill gaps: Apprenticeship.gov — electrical, HVAC, plumbing and fitting programs that pay while you learn paid to train · Apprenticeship.gov — industrial maintenance and millwright programs paid to train · Apprenticeship.gov — paid, employer-sponsored trade apprenticeships, searchable by trade and ZIP paid to train · edX — operations management and process monitoring courses free to audit · OSHA Outreach Training — the 10- and 30-hour cards most employers ask for low · MIT OpenCourseWare — circuits, systems and diagnostic method, free and ungated free · Coursera — engineering and procurement courses, auditable without paying free to audit

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — occupations you could move toward

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill and knowledge profiles: high overlap with what you already do, a materially higher resistance score, no large jump in required training, and no licence you would have to start a new pipeline to get. Targets that pay meaningfully less, that are themselves COOKED, or whose own headcount is falling are excluded — a move into a shrinking trade is not an escape.

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers EXPOSED · 62/100 · you already have ~74% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Installation

Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders EXPOSED · 43/100 · you already have ~67% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Equipment Maintenance, Repairing, Operations Monitoring, Operation and Control

Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons EXPOSED · 65/100 · you already have ~61% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Repairing, Equipment Maintenance, Troubleshooting, Equipment Selection

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 49/100 — EXPOSED.

4 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening task resistance +4

    Genuine two-tier structure: as in-line vision and CMM automation absorb pass/fail gauging, the residual job becomes nonconformance disposition, MRB participation, gage R&R and measurement-systems analysis, supplier corrective-action audits, and root-cause investigation — tasks that require reconciling conflicting evidence and negotiating with suppliers. Watch for BLS/employer job postings shifting from 'quality inspector' to 'quality engineer/technician' with CQI/CQE credential requirements. Composition effect, not capability gain: the count falls while the surviving role's resistance rises.

  • plausible liability shield +5

    Certification regimes that require a named, personally-accountable human signature on inspection records: ASNT/NAS-410 Level II/III NDT certification already requires a certified individual to sign radiographic/UT interpretations, and FAA 14 CFR Part 43/145 requires an authorized person to sign airworthiness inspection releases. If FDA (21 CFR 820 QSR harmonization to ISO 13485) or FAA explicitly bar unreviewed automated vision results as the sole record of conformance — i.e. require a certified inspector to countersign machine-vision dispositions — this rises materially for the aerospace/medical/pressure-vessel subset, less for general production.

  • plausible judgment accountability +4

    Formal ownership of dispositions under AS9100/IATF 16949 Material Review Board authority, and named-auditor accountability under supplier audit schemes. If OEM supplier-quality contracts or a post-incident regulatory response (e.g. following an aerospace or medical-device recall) name an individual inspector as the accountable signatory for use-as-is/rework/scrap decisions and root-cause closure, this rises for that subset.

  • plausible embodiment +3

    Field and in-situ inspection work that resists fixturing: weld and pipeline NDT in refineries, bridge and tank inspection, in-service turbine borescope work, agricultural grading at variable receiving points. If demand shifts toward these unstructured settings — e.g. sustained infrastructure inspection spend under IIJA bridge/pipeline programs — the embodiment-heavy share of the occupation grows even as factory-floor roles shrink.

The limit. Trust premium is omitted: buyers of inspection are OEMs and regulators who want defensible records, not human hands, and no realistic market pays extra for a human eye over a calibrated sensor. The levers above apply almost entirely to the certified NDT/metrology/supplier-audit minority; for the majority doing visual sorting, gauging, and weighing on a line, no credible route raises any dimension, and the honest ceiling for the occupation as a whole stays well below 50.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 388 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 23,080 $48,230 -1%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 22,610 $51,560 +6%
Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX 16,520 $46,630 -4%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 16,440 $46,210 -5%
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 16,370 $50,160 +3%
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI 10,610 $45,400 -7%
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 9,260 $46,870 -4%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 8,520 $51,990 +7%

Best paid

Lexington Park, MD 100 $92,000 +89%
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 8,190 $76,800 +58%
Savannah, GA 1,110 $72,800 +50%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $48,570. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 33. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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