← Risk register SOC 51-4194 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners

5,600 US workers · median $50,060/yr · Production

EXPOSED

This is hands-on shop work — mounting cutters on grinding machines, dressing wheels, checking clearance angles with optical comparators and micrometers, hand-filing burrs — and none of that is text or screen work an LLM touches. The real threat isn't AI but CNC tool-and-cutter grinders and automated resharpening cells that already handle repeat geometries at volume, plus disposable carbide inserts that eliminate resharpening entirely. Employment is small (about 5,600) and has been shrinking for years; the surviving tier is the grinder who can set up and program a 5-axis CNC grinder and handle one-off, custom, or damaged tooling that no automated cycle covers.

10-year outlook: Expect continued slow contraction as disposable inserts and automated regrind cells absorb the routine volume, with steady demand for the minority who program CNC grinders and handle custom or salvage tooling.

US employment, 2019–2025-13.0%
6,4405,600 workers

Part 2020 shock, part continued decline in the years since.

Median pay $39,330 → $50,060 +1.8% in real terms (nominal +27.3%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

-7.8% 5,800 → 5,400 on the projections basis

Exposed, and shrinking

Both signals point the same way: the tasks are largely automatable and the BLS projects -7.8% by 2034. This is the case where the score and the forecast agree, and it is the one worth taking seriously.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~500 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

FilerGrinderDeburrerFinisherPolisherSaw FilerSharpenerDie BarberDie FitterDie ReamerSaw FitterTool FilerDie GrinderDie TrimmerCard GrinderDie PolisherFinish FilerTool DresserTool GrinderDie SharpenerCutter GrinderThread GrinderTool SharpenerPrecision Honer

Score — 37/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (14/20). Weakest point: liability shield (1/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 11 + 14 + 1 + 4 + 7 = 37. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 11/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier Regrinding a standard end mill or hob to a fixed geometry is already a CNC cycle on a Walter or ANCA machine, but chasing a chipped form tool with no print, deciding whether a burned edge can be saved, and blending a relief by hand on a pedestal grinder still needs a person at the wheel — mixed, and the split is roughly by batch size.

Embodiment 14/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments You are physically indexing cutters in fixtures, dressing and truing wheels, feeling for chatter, breathing coolant mist and abrasive dust, and hand-filing burrs on parts you hold — an uncontrolled shop floor, though it stops short of 18-20 because the work sits at a machine in one bay rather than on a moving jobsite.

Liability shield 1/20

No licence, no signature requirement No state licence, no board, no certification anyone asks for at hire; a machinist card or an employer's in-house sign-off is the whole credential, and a tool that fails in service is the shop's warranty problem, not yours personally.

Trust premium 4/20

Anonymous artifact production The customer receives a resharpened cutter in a box and measures it; a long-running relationship with a local cutter-grinding shop is real but survives on turnaround and hitting the drawing, and a plant will requote to a competitor over price.

Judgment & accountability 7/20

Meaningful discretion You decide stock removal, wheel grit, and whether a worn cutter is scrap or salvageable, which is genuine discretion on a one-off — but for the bulk of the work the print, the manufacturer's angles, and the comparator overlay tell you what right looks like.

This occupation has already been through one. Headcount fell 30.5% between 2017 and 2025 — 8,060 to 5,600 — while the median wage held roughly flat in real terms (+ 5.5% after inflation). A job being commoditised usually loses pay along with headcount. One that shrinks by half while pay holds is leaving a specialist core behind, and the score above was assigned from the occupation title without sight of that history — so it may be describing the job this used to be rather than the people still doing it. Why this is a known limit.

Confidence: medium · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, judgment

How to future-proof this job

Training paths for your skill gaps: Coursera — project coordination and cross-team delivery free to audit · Apprenticeship.gov — electrical, HVAC, plumbing and fitting programs that pay while you learn paid to train · Coursera — customer service and client-facing skill courses free to audit · Toastmasters — public speaking practice at local clubs worldwide low · MIT OpenCourseWare — circuits, systems and diagnostic method, free and ungated free · Khan Academy — physics, chemistry and biology from the ground up free · edX — systems thinking and evaluation methods free to audit

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — occupations you could move toward

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill and knowledge profiles: high overlap with what you already do, a materially higher resistance score, no large jump in required training, and no licence you would have to start a new pipeline to get. Targets that pay meaningfully less, that are themselves COOKED, or whose own headcount is falling are excluded — a move into a shrinking trade is not an escape.

Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons EXPOSED · 65/100 · you already have ~84% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Coordination

Automotive Body and Related Repairers EXPOSED · 65/100 · you already have ~82% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Installation, Service Orientation, Coordination, Speaking

Industrial Machinery Mechanics SAFE · 67/100 · you already have ~81% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Installation, Troubleshooting, Science, Systems Evaluation

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 49/100, still EXPOSED.

4 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening task resistance +4

    Task-mix shift is genuinely bifurcated here: if disposable inserts and automated resharpening cells absorb the repeat-geometry volume (already happening at Star Cutter, ANCA-equipped service shops), the residual job is one-off custom form cutters, broach and hob repair, damaged/oversize tooling and 5-axis CNC grinder setup and wheel-path programming — work with no automated cycle. Watch for the occupation's remaining postings shifting from 'grinder operator' to 'tool grinder/programmer' titles requiring Numroto or ANCA iGrind experience.

  • plausible judgment accountability +4

    If prime contractors push AS9100/NADCAP-style traceability down to regrind vendors — requiring a named technician to certify that a resharpened cutter meets original clearance/rake spec and to disposition tools with heat-check or micro-chipping as scrap vs. salvage — the call on a $4,000 cutter and the part it will machine becomes an owned, documented decision. Watch for regrind certificates of conformance naming an individual in aerospace supplier flowdowns.

  • plausible embodiment +3

    If reshoring of aerospace and medical-device machining raises demand for on-site regrind of large or fixtured tooling (broaches, gear hobs, PCD-tipped cutters) that cannot be shipped to a centralized automated cell, the work concentrates in unpredictable manual setup — wheel dressing, in-machine probing, hand stoning of edges — rather than tended cycles.

  • unlikely trust premium +1

    Narrow route only: custom knifemaking, woodworking, and surgical/barber shear sharpening where buyers pay named craftsmen and refuse machine-only service. This is a different market, not the industrial occupation, and cannot absorb 5,600 workers.

The limit. Liability shield is effectively unreachable — there is no license, no board, no personal signature requirement anywhere in tool grinding, and none has ever been proposed. Even with every lever above, the ceiling is roughly the mid-40s, and it sits on top of a shrinking base: disposable carbide inserts remove the work rather than automate it, so headcount can fall while the surviving role gets harder to displace.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 18 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 290 $46,580 -7%
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA 220 $60,760 +21%
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 170 $102,390 +105%
Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI 150 $43,470 -13%
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ 110 $48,580 -3%
St. Louis, MO-IL 100 $61,550 +23%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 70 $44,050 -12%
Eugene-Springfield, OR 50 $75,630 +51%

Best paid

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA 170 $102,390 +105%
Eugene-Springfield, OR 50 $75,630 +51%
Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek, OH 30 $64,350 +29%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $50,060. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 37. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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Kept current

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