← Risk register SOC 53-7073 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Wellhead Pumpers

17,990 US workers · median $69,960/yr · Transportation

EXPOSED

The hands-on half of this job — driving lease roads, gauging tanks, changing pump packing, clearing paraffin, adjusting chokes and rod pumps, responding to a down well at 2am — is nowhere near automatable. The threat isn't AI replacing the pumper; it's SCADA, remote automation and AI-assisted production surveillance shrinking the number of pumpers needed per route, since the daily gauge sheets, run tickets, production reports and anomaly-spotting are exactly what sensors plus software now do. Expect fewer, more technical pumpers covering far bigger routes rather than the role disappearing.

10-year outlook: Wells keep needing someone with hands and a truck, but remote monitoring will keep stretching routes — expect headcount to drift down while the surviving jobs look more like lift-optimization and instrumentation techs.

US employment, 2019–2025+38.7%
12,97017,990 workers

Dipped in 2020, then grew past where it started.

Median pay $55,040 → $69,960 +1.7% in real terms (nominal +27.1%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

-4.7% 18,800 → 17,900 on the projections basis

Exposed, and shrinking

Both signals point the same way: the tasks are largely automatable and the BLS projects -4.7% by 2034. This is the case where the score and the forecast agree, and it is the one worth taking seriously.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~2,000 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 19 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

PumperOil PumperWell TenderField OperatorLease OperatorGas Well PumperLease AttendantOil Well PumperWellhead PumperGas Lease PumperOil Field PumperOil Field WorkerWell Head PumperOil Field OperatorOil Field TechnicianWell Field TechnicianOilfield Plant OperatorOil Field Plant OperatorOil Well Service Operator

Score — 44/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (17/20). Weakest point: liability shield (3/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 12 + 17 + 3 + 4 + 8 = 44. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 12/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier At 12 rather than 16, roughly half a pumper's shift — the tank gauging, chart changing, run-ticket writing, daily production entry and spotting a well that's off its curve — is already being handled by level sensors, coriolis meters and SCADA alarms on newer pads, while the wrench work (pulling and repacking a stuffing box, hot-oiling a paraffined tubing string, resetting a pumping unit's counterbalance) still needs a person on the lease.

Embodiment 17/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments A 17 reflects that the work is performed outdoors on unimproved lease roads in whatever the weather does, climbing tank stairs to gauge with a steel tape, opening separators and treaters, working around H2S, live electrical on unit motors and pressurized flowlines — none of it in a controlled or repeatable setting, which is what keeps it out of the 13-14 range and short of 19 only because the pumper also spends real time in a truck cab and on a tablet.

Liability shield 3/20

No licence, no signature requirement A 3 is right because no state licences a wellhead pumper — you may hold H2S awareness, SafeLandUSA or a CDL for hauling, but the operator's engineering staff and the well's designated person of record carry the regulatory obligation to the state commission, and a bad gauge or a missed leak becomes the company's violation, not yours.

Trust premium 4/20

Anonymous artifact production At 4, the gauge sheet that reaches the production office is anonymous data — the operator cares that the barrels reconcile, not which pumper wrote them — and the only relationships with any pull are the surface-owner rancher whose gate you close and the pumper who covers your days off.

Judgment & accountability 8/20

Meaningful discretion An 8 fits calls that are real but bounded: deciding whether a knocking gearbox runs until morning or gets shut in now, whether a fluid-level shot means the well is pumped off or the pump is worn, when to call out a pulling unit — genuine discretion, but escalated to a foreman or engineer before anything expensive happens, which keeps it out of the mid-teens.

Confidence: medium · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment, physical-presence

How to future-proof this job

Training paths for your skill gaps: MIT OpenCourseWare — full course materials across every department, free free · Coursera — project coordination and cross-team delivery free to audit · MIT OpenCourseWare — operations management free · Khan Academy — physics, chemistry and biology from the ground up free · edX — systems thinking and evaluation methods free to audit · Apprenticeship.gov — electrical, HVAC, plumbing and fitting programs that pay while you learn paid to train · Coursera — engineering and procurement courses, auditable without paying free to audit · Coursera — quality control and inspection courses, auditable free free to audit · Apprenticeship.gov — paid, employer-sponsored trade apprenticeships, searchable by trade and ZIP paid to train

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — occupations you could move toward

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill and knowledge profiles: high overlap with what you already do, a materially higher resistance score, no large jump in required training, and no licence you would have to start a new pipeline to get. Targets that pay meaningfully less, that are themselves COOKED, or whose own headcount is falling are excluded — a move into a shrinking trade is not an escape.

Crane and Tower Operators SAFE · 67/100 · you already have ~85% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Active Learning, Coordination, Operations Analysis

Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators EXPOSED · 64/100 · you already have ~79% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Science, Systems Evaluation, Coordination, Installation

Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines SAFE · 67/100 · you already have ~74% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Equipment Selection, Installation, Quality Control Analysis, Repairing

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 57/100, still EXPOSED.

5 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening task resistance +3

    Task-mix shift is genuine here: once SCADA and AI surveillance absorb gauge sheets, run tickets and anomaly flagging, what remains on the route is rod-pump failure diagnosis, paraffin/scale intervention, chemical program tuning, choke and plunger-lift optimization, and freeze-offs — the judgment tier. A route where the pumper is dispatched by exception rather than driving a fixed circuit raises the non-automatable share of the day even as headcount falls.

  • already happening judgment accountability +2

    Route consolidation itself concentrates decision weight: a pumper covering 200 wells by exception is making triage and shut-in calls with incomplete telemetry and real spill/blowout consequences, where a 40-well fixed-circuit pumper was following a checklist.

  • plausible liability shield +3

    Custody-transfer measurement accountability: if BLM Onshore Order 4/5 successors or state conservation rules (e.g. Texas RRC, NM OCD) require a named, trained gauger to attest to run tickets and LACT proving records — with personal signature on allocation and royalty-relevant volumes rather than an automated report — the signing role attaches to a person.

  • plausible judgment accountability +3

    If operators formalize the pumper as the designated on-site person with authority to shut in a well, vent, or stop production under an SEMS/PSM-style management system — with that authority written into the safety case and audited — the role owns consequential calls under ambiguity rather than executing dispatch instructions.

  • plausible liability shield +2

    EPA OOOOb/OOOOc and state methane rules (Colorado ECMC, New Mexico) already mandate periodic on-site AVO and leak inspections with recordkeeping certified by a trained individual; if the certifying-inspector requirement is tightened to a licensed or board-registered individual whose attestation carries enforcement exposure, this rises further.

The limit. No realistic route to a trust premium — the buyer is an operator optimizing lease operating expense per barrel, and no one pays extra for a human pumper. Embodiment is already near ceiling and cannot rise. The dominant force remains headcount compression per route; higher per-worker scores coexist with fewer workers.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 24 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX 3,860 $79,720 +14%
Midland, TX 1,660 $72,110 +3%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 830 $78,010 +12%
Pittsburgh, PA 350 $39,060 -44%
Odessa, TX 330 $75,450 +8%
Oklahoma City, OK 230 $64,960 -7%
Tulsa, OK 220 $64,500 -8%
Lubbock, TX 200 $76,850 +10%

Best paid

Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX 3,860 $79,720 +14%
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 830 $78,010 +12%
Minot, ND 130 $77,310 +11%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $69,960. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 44. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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Kept current

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