← Risk register SOC 47-2231 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Solar Photovoltaic Installers

31,350 US workers · median $53,140/yr · Construction

EXPOSED verdict contested

The core of this job — carrying panels up a ladder, lag-bolting rails into rafters you have to find by feel, flashing penetrations so a roof doesn't leak, torquing MC4 connectors, and pulling conduit through an attic in August — is nowhere near robotic reach, and language AI does none of it. What AI does erode is the paperwork layer around the install: shade analysis and array layout, string sizing, permit packages, interconnection applications, and customer proposals are already largely software-generated. Licensure is the soft spot: the modal installer works under a licensed electrician or contractor who signs the permit and owns the liability, so the regulatory shield protects the crew lead and the EC, not every installer.

10-year outlook: Demand, not AI, is the swing factor — the physical work stays human through the 2030s, but tax-credit and policy shifts can move headcount hard, so the installers who add an electrical license and storage/service skills will be the ones still working steadily.

Score — 65/100 resistance

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 17 + 19 + 9 + 10 + 10 = 65.

Task resistance 17/20

Tasks largely resist digitisation. Locating rafters through decking, setting standoffs and flashing them watertight, and terminating DC homeruns in a live combiner box are per-roof judgment-and-hands tasks that no software touches — 17 rather than 20 because the design side (string sizing, layout, shade modeling in Aurora/HelioScope) that installers used to do by hand is now generated before you get to the site.

Embodiment 19/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments. You work at height on pitched composition or tile roofs, in attics above 130°F, hauling 50-lb modules up ladders in wind, with fall-arrest anchors you install yourself — 19 because the environment is genuinely uncontrolled and varies every address, short of 20 only because ground-mount and carport work is flatter and increasingly crane-assisted.

Liability shield 9/20

Certification preferred, not legally required. NABCEP PV Installation Professional is respected but voluntary, and in most states the electrical permit and the AHJ inspection sign-off ride on the licensed electrician or C-46/C-10 contractor, not on the installer torquing the lugs — 9 rather than 4 because a growing number of states require an electrician on the DC side and the crew lead often holds a journeyman card.

Trust premium 10/20

Some relationship component. Homeowners meet you on the day of install after the sales rep and designer are gone, so the panel walkthrough, the monitoring app handoff, and the callback for a tripped rapid-shutdown are the only relationship — 10 rather than 15 because the contract, warranty, and financing all belong to the company brand, and a different crew shows up for the service call.

Judgment & accountability 10/20

Meaningful discretion. You decide in the field whether a rafter is too split to bolt, whether a roof plane needs re-flashing before racking, and how to reroute conduit when the plan set conflicts with the actual truss layout — 10 rather than 16 because the array design, module count, and inverter selection arrive fixed from engineering and any real deviation goes back for a revised permit.

The verdict on this page is contested. We scored this occupation twice, independently, and the two runs disagreed: 65/100 — EXPOSED and 68/100 — SAFE. Combining them doesn't settle it — the answer changes depending on how the halfway points are rounded, which is a property of our arithmetic and not of the job. Rather than pick the side that suits us, we've left the original verdict in place and flagged it. Read the dimension scores below and the reasoning attached to each; on this page they carry the information, and the one-word label does not.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

Tasks already automatable

What survives

Active moats: embodiment, physical-presence, licensure

How to future-proof this job

Escape hatches — adjacent fields with better verdicts

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill profiles: high overlap with what you already do, materially higher resistance score.

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters SAFE · 86/100 · you already have ~92% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Writing, Repairing

Electricians SAFE · 80/100 · you already have ~74% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Troubleshooting, Repairing, Operations Analysis, Writing

Field report — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work?

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

From people who do this job

Nobody has filed one yet. If you do this work, you know things the rubric can't see.

What has actually changed in your work?

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.