← Risk register SOC 51-6063 · reviewed 2026-08-11

Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

13,030 US workers · median $39,530/yr · Production

COOKED

The work — threading yarn, setting machine gauges and patterns, watching for broken ends, clearing jams, logging output — resists language AI but has been the primary target of mill automation for forty years, and employment (13,030 nationally) reflects that. Modern computerized knitting and weaving machines already load patterns digitally, detect thread breaks with optical sensors, and stop themselves; the residual human role is loading, repair, and exception handling on the floor. No license, no client relationship, and pattern-setting decisions are made by designers and engineers upstream, so the only real moat is that a robot still can't cheaply re-thread a loom.

10-year outlook: Headcount keeps shrinking through the 2030s as remaining US mills consolidate around automated equipment; the surviving jobs are machine fixers and setup techs, not tenders.

US employment, 2019–2025-38.3%
21,13013,030 workers

Part 2020 shock, part continued decline in the years since.

Median pay $29,980 → $39,530 +5.5% in real terms (nominal +31.9%, less ~25% US inflation over the period)

The job count is not the verdict

This line is counted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — the one figure on this page that isn't a judgement of ours. Headcount moves on demand, offshoring, demographics and the business cycle, and automation is one term among several, often not the loudest.

So a falling line is not evidence that AI did it, and a rising one is not evidence that it won't. Both happen in this register: some occupations resist automation and shrink anyway, others are highly automatable and keep growing. The marked year is 2020.

BLS projection, 2024–2034

-11.2%

Percentage only. The projection counts a different population from the 13,030 above — it includes self-employed workers, which for this occupation is most of them, so the two headcounts are not comparable.

Exposed, and shrinking

Both signals point the same way: the tasks are largely automatable and the BLS projects -11.2% by 2034. This is the case where the score and the forecast agree, and it is the one worth taking seriously.

Different clocks. The score is what current AI could do to this work today. The projection is how many of these jobs will exist in 2034. Everything between the two — how fast employers actually adopt, whether demand grows in the meantime — is why they can point opposite ways without either being wrong.

~1,700 openings a year on average, including replacing people who leave.

One email if this score changes. Watch as many occupations as you like from the same address — no account, and nothing is sent on a schedule, only when a verdict actually moves.

Also known as — 24 job titles this covers

Titles reported by people doing this work, from the US Department of Labor's O*NET survey. If your job title is here, this page is about your work even though the name doesn't match.

FooterLeggerLooperRibberWeaverCreelerKnitterLatcherSmasherOperatorThreaderCrocheterLacemakerTag MakerHose MakerLoom FixerRug HookerRug WeaverSmash HandWeb WeaverBelt WeaverLace WeaverLoop PullerRib Knitter

Score — 31/100 resistance

Holding it up: embodiment (13/20). Weakest point: liability shield (1/20).

Five dimensions, 0–20 each, summed. Higher means more protected. The arithmetic is shown so you can check it: 10 + 13 + 1 + 2 + 5 = 31. · Scored 2026-08-11, and re-examined when evidence accumulates rather than on a schedule.

Task resistance 10/20

Mixed — a routine tier and a judgment tier Re-threading a broken warp end on a running loom, pulling a jam out of a knitting head without dropping stitches, and re-tying beams by hand are still hand-eye jobs a machine can't cheaply do — but pattern loading, tension setting, needle-break detection and stop-motion already run off the machine's own controller, so roughly half your shift is monitoring work the equipment does for itself, which puts it at 10 rather than 14+.

Embodiment 13/20

Hands-on in uncontrolled environments You are on your feet on a mill floor for the whole shift among lint, 85+ dB noise and heat, reaching into moving needle beds and creels and doffing rolls that weigh more than you want to lift — 13 rather than 17 because the environment is at least a fixed indoor plant with the machines in known positions, not a construction site or a customer's roof.

Liability shield 1/20

No licence, no signature requirement There is no state license, no board, and no certificate anyone checks before you tend a Santoni or a Picanol; if a beam runs off-quality the mill eats the scrap and the QC department writes it up, so nothing legal has to stay in a human's name for the line to run.

Trust premium 2/20

Anonymous artifact production The yardage leaves the mill with a lot number, not your name on it, and the buyer at the converter has never heard of you — the only relationship that matters is with the shift supervisor and the mechanic, which is why this is 2 and not 0.

Judgment & accountability 5/20

Executes defined procedures on defined inputs You decide when a fabric flaw is bad enough to stop the machine, when tension drift means a mechanic rather than an adjustment, and how long to run before doffing — real calls, but they're bounded by the style sheet, the standard operating procedure and the loom's own alarm thresholds, with the designer and process engineer owning anything ambiguous, so 5 rather than 9.

This occupation has already been through one. Headcount fell 37.7% between 2017 and 2025 — 20,920 to 13,030 — while the median wage held roughly flat in real terms (+ 8.4% after inflation). A job being commoditised usually loses pay along with headcount. One that shrinks by half while pay holds is leaving a specialist core behind, and the score above was assigned from the occupation title without sight of that history — so it may be describing the job this used to be rather than the people still doing it. Why this is a known limit.

Confidence: high · reviewed 2026-08-11 · how scoring works

What this job involves — and which parts are yours

The verdict above describes this occupation as a whole. Almost nobody does the typical version of a job — tick what's actually in your week and see how your own mix sits.

AI already does these at usable quality

These still need a person

Active moats on the surviving side: embodiment

How to future-proof this job

Training paths for your skill gaps: Coursera — communication and interpersonal skills free to audit · Apprenticeship.gov — paid, employer-sponsored trade apprenticeships, searchable by trade and ZIP paid to train · Coursera — project coordination and cross-team delivery free to audit · Apprenticeship.gov — industrial maintenance and millwright programs paid to train · Khan Academy — physics, chemistry and biology from the ground up free

All 35 skills ranked by how many jobs they open →

Where this experience transfers — occupations you could move toward

Computed from U.S. Dept. of Labor O*NET skill and knowledge profiles: high overlap with what you already do, a materially higher resistance score, no large jump in required training, and no licence you would have to start a new pipeline to get. Targets that pay meaningfully less, that are themselves COOKED, or whose own headcount is falling are excluded — a move into a shrinking trade is not an escape.

Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders EXPOSED · 42/100 · you already have ~87% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Social Perceptiveness

Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons EXPOSED · 65/100 · you already have ~86% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Repairing, Coordination, Equipment Maintenance, Social Perceptiveness

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers EXPOSED · 62/100 · you already have ~84% of the skill profile

Skills to close: Science

What would move this back up — beyond any one person

The moves above are yours to make. This is the other half: what would have to change in the world for the occupation itself to score higher. None of it is in any one person's gift, but it is where the floor actually comes from. Scores here are not a one-way ratchet. Only two of the five dimensions — task resistance and embodiment — track what machines can do. The other three track law, what buyers will pay for, and who is answerable, and those move in both directions, often in response to the same pressure AI creates. If every lever below landed, this occupation would score around 43/100 — EXPOSED.

4 specific changes that would raise this score
  • already happening embodiment +3

    Re-threading a broken warp end on a running loom, doffing, and clearing lint/jams in dusty mill air remains the specific manipulation task no commercial robot cell has priced out; if remaining US mills continue shifting toward technical textiles (aramid, carbon fiber, medical narrow fabrics) where lot sizes are small and changeovers frequent, the day becomes mostly setup and repair rather than tending, raising the physical share

  • plausible task resistance +3

    Genuine two-tier split: sensor-driven stop/restart is already automated, leaving diagnosis of recurring defects (tension mapping, needle/sinker wear, yarn lot variation) as the residual. Where a mill runs 20+ machines per tender, the job converges on troubleshooting technician work — visible in job postings retitled 'knitting technician' with mechanic-level pay

  • plausible liability shield +3

    Defense-related sourcing (Berry Amendment) and medical/PPE textile certification already require documented in-process inspection; if AS9100 or FDA QSR-style audit rules for implantable/surgical textiles are read to require a named human operator sign-off on each lot's loom setup record, a traceable human signature becomes mandatory. Narrow, and only for the fraction of mills in those markets

  • plausible judgment accountability +3

    On short-run technical textile jobs where a single defective roll of ballistic or medical fabric is scrapped at high cost, the decision to stop the machine and scrap versus run is pushed to the operator rather than an upstream engineer; formalized as documented stop-work authority in a quality system, this is a real consequential call

The limit. No plausible route to trust premium — buyers of woven and knit goods specify fiber, construction and price, and cannot identify the operator. Employment has fallen for forty years through capital substitution, not language AI, so nothing on this list reverses the headcount trend; the levers describe a smaller, more technical residual job, not a larger one.

These are conditions, not forecasts — what would have to happen, not what will. Specific rules, cases and bills are named so you can go and check whether they exist and where they stand; verify before relying on any of them. Nothing here is legal or financial advice.

Where this work is, and what it pays there

BLS metro figures for 24 areas. The verdict above does not change by city — the rubric judges what the work involves, not where it happens — but pay and headcount do, and the national median hides a very wide range.

Most of these jobs

Dalton, GA 1,220 $39,840 +1%
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA 820 $44,790 +13%
Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC 530 $39,760 +1%
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA 530 $44,530 +13%
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC 490 $39,530 +0%
Greensboro-High Point, NC 460 $36,730 -7%
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC 430 $36,200 -8%
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA 300 $39,110 -1%

Best paid

Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH 90 $47,960 +21%
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN 50 $47,710 +21%
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD 130 $45,580 +15%

Percentages are against this occupation's national median of $39,530. Counts are jobs in that metro, not vacancies. Metros where the BLS suppressed the cell are absent rather than shown as zero.

Who is actually doing this — nobody, on the record

We have no reported case of a named organisation automating this occupation. Not one deployment, not one announcement.

That is worth saying out loud next to a score of 31. The verdict above is about what the work exposes — what current AI could do to these tasks. It is not a claim that anyone has done it. For this occupation those two things have come apart completely: the capability argument is on this page, and the evidence column is empty.

Read that as a gap in the reporting we can see, not proof of absence — the dispatch runs on English-language feeds and misses plenty. If you know of a case, tell us, or add a field report from inside the job.

Quick take — do you do this job?

Has AI actually changed your work? One tap, anonymous, and the running tally is public. Nothing else is asked of you.

Self-reported and unverified — a sentiment signal, not a survey. One response per person per occupation; you can change your answer.

Field reports — what people say has changed

No field reports yet. A written account takes a paragraph rather than a tap, goes to an editor before it appears, and is the one thing on this page the rubric cannot produce on its own.

File a field report

Concrete beats general: a tool that arrived, a task that moved, a headcount decision you watched happen. Don't include anything that identifies you or your employer if that would put you at risk.

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